몸을 바라보는 불교의 세 가지 관점__사념처수행의 부정관을 중심으로__

Abstract

This paper intends to present the perspective of looking at the body in Buddhism as an ontological perspective, a functional perspective, and a potential perspective. From an ontological point of view, the body has the characteristics of being impermanent, suffering, and non-self, which are the characteristics of existence in Buddhism, and emptiness. From a functional point of view, the body has sensory functions, organic functions, and dependent originational functions. In the twelve sense fields, the body performs sensory functions, and in the five aggregates and the four establishment of mindfulness, the body shows the functions of the living body. In dependent origination, it shows that the body is an open being that has dependent originational relationships not only among all beings but also among its constituents. From the potential point of view, the body can progress to the possibility of defilement and purity, the possibility of pure living and sickness-death, and the possibility of suffering and middle way. In the dimension of the three karmas, the body can go either to defilements or to purity. In terms of unanswered questions, depending on whether the relation of the body and life as same and different or as dependent origination, it can progress toward a pure living or sickness-death. At the middle way level, the body can go either to the indulgence and asceticism or to the middle way. Therefore the body can be said to be a ‘functional potentiality that presupposes ontological characteristics’. Suffering and contemplation on impurity can be said to be representative views of looking at the body in the Buddhism. suffering and impurity are concepts that can be applied to the conditioned dhammas. Impurity means that all conditioned beings are unclean. If the intention to replace greed is actively utilized, all conditioned beings that can be the object of greed can be said to be unclean. In this way, suffering becomes an ontological characteristic. Therefore, looking at the body in a functional and possible way based on an ontological point of view rather than suffering and impurity would be the attitude of looking at the body in Buddhism.