수용-전념 치료(ACT)에 대한 기독교상담적 고찰 및 제안
Christian Counseling Considerations and Suggestions for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
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초록
현대 심리치료와 상담은 인간의 심리적 문제를 해결하기 위해 고안된 수많은 이론과 방법론을 개발해왔음에도 불구하고 치료와 변화과정에 관해 모든 것을 포괄하며 뚜렷한 효과를 내는 단일 이론이 등장하지 않았다. 이에 대한 인식은 근거기반 치료에 대한 연구들로 이어지고 있으며, 그중에서도 최근 매우 활발하게 연구되고 있는 것이 마음챙김에 기반한 인지행동치료 접근들이다. 수용-전념치료는 그 중 기독교상담 연구자들이 가장 관심을 많이 보이고 있는 치료접근으로, 이에 대한 기독교 세계관에 입각한 고찰과 통합을 위한 논의가 필요하다. 논문은 이를 위해 먼저 ACT의 철학적 전제 및 핵심요소인 고통에 대한 이해, 심리적 유연성, 기능적 맥락주의, 관계구성틀 이론, 마음챙김에 대해 살펴본다. 다음으로 경험회피와 6가지 핵심과정에 대한 신학적 고찰 및 기존 연구들을 살펴보고 논의한다. 실제적 통합을 위해 개발된 ‘신앙기반 수용-전념치료’를 살펴보고 그 제한점을 확인한다. 마지막으로, 이런 고찰들을 반영하는 기독교상담적 대안을 위해 ‘마음(heart)’를 핵심어로 한 과정을 제안한다. 본 논문은 문헌 연구로서, ACT에 대한 기독교적 세계관에 입각한 비평적 고찰 및 통합의 실제에 관한 논의와 기독교상담적 대안을 마련하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.
Abstract
Although modern psychotherapy and counseling have developed numerous theories and methodologies designed to solve human psychological problems, a single theory that encompasses all aspects of treatment and change processes and has a distinct effect has not emerged. Awareness of this has led to studies on evidence-based therapy, and among them, cognitive behavioral therapy approaches based on mindfulness are being studied very actively. Acceptance-commitment therapy is the treatment approach that Christian counseling researchers are most interested in, and it is necessary to consider and integrate it based on the Christian worldview. To this end, this paper first examines the philosophical premise and core elements of ACT, understanding pain, psychological flexibility, functional contextualism, relational framework theory, and mindfulness. Next, the theological considerations and existing studies on avoidance of experience and the six core processes are reviewed and discussed. The ‘Faith-based acceptance-commitment therapy’ developed for practical integration is examined and its limitations are identified. Finally, a process with ‘heart’ as the key word for alternative Christian counseling that reflects these considerations is suggested. This paper is a literature study, and it is expected that it can be used as a basic data for critical consideration on ACT based on a Christian counseling alternative.
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