杏仁의 랫트 단회 경구 투여 독성시험
Rat Single Oral Dose Toxicity Test of Armeniacae Semen (Including Endocarp)
1
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives : The object of this study was to obtain acute toxicity information (single oral dose toxicity) of Armeniacae Semen (AS), a medicinal herb used for treating constipation and various respiratory diseases, in rats. Methods : In order to observe the LD50 (50% lethal dose), approximate lethal dosage (ALD) and target organs, AS aqueous extracts were orally administered to female and male Sprague Dawley rats at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body weight). The mortality, changes in the body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored for 14 days after single oral treatment of AS extracts and the organ weights and histopathological findings of principle organs were observed after sacrifice. Results : After single oral treatment of AS 2,000 and 1,000 mg/kg, all (5/5; 100%) female and male rats died within 30 minutes after treatment, while no mortalities were observed in the female and male rats treated with 500 mg/kg of AS extract. Therefore, LD50 in female and male rats was calculated as 741.95 mg/kg. Seizure, loss of locomotion, salivation, increases of respiration and heart-beat were observed after AS extract treatment, which were observed in all rats including the lowest dosage group, 500 mg/kg in the present study. In addition, lung congestion was visible in all mortal rats with AS 2,000 and 1,000 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that AS extract ranges in Class III, because the LD50 and ALD in both female and male rats were calculated as 741.95 mg/kg and 500～1,000 mg/kg, respectively. However, AS extract should be carefully treated at clinical applications, because salivation, increase of respiration and heart beats were also observed in the lowest dosage group, 500 mg/kg in the present study.
Abstract
Objectives : The object of this study was to obtain acute toxicity information (single oral dose toxicity) of Armeniacae Semen (AS), a medicinal herb used for treating constipation and various respiratory diseases, in rats. Methods : In order to observe the LD50 (50% lethal dose), approximate lethal dosage (ALD) and target organs, AS aqueous extracts were orally administered to female and male Sprague Dawley rats at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body weight). The mortality, changes in the body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored for 14 days after single oral treatment of AS extracts and the organ weights and histopathological findings of principle organs were observed after sacrifice. Results : After single oral treatment of AS 2,000 and 1,000 mg/kg, all (5/5; 100%) female and male rats died within 30 minutes after treatment, while no mortalities were observed in the female and male rats treated with 500 mg/kg of AS extract. Therefore, LD50 in female and male rats was calculated as 741.95 mg/kg. Seizure, loss of locomotion, salivation, increases of respiration and heart-beat were observed after AS extract treatment, which were observed in all rats including the lowest dosage group, 500 mg/kg in the present study. In addition, lung congestion was visible in all mortal rats with AS 2,000 and 1,000 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that AS extract ranges in Class III, because the LD50 and ALD in both female and male rats were calculated as 741.95 mg/kg and 500～1,000 mg/kg, respectively. However, AS extract should be carefully treated at clinical applications, because salivation, increase of respiration and heart beats were also observed in the lowest dosage group, 500 mg/kg in the present study.
참고문헌 (32)
- 김동현, "한방약리학", pp.328~330 (2010), 신일상사
- 송호준, "본초학", pp.512~513 (2007), 영림사
- Do JS, "Antiasthmatic activity and selective inhibition of type 2 helper T cell response by aqueous extract of semen armeniacae amarum", Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 28(2), pp.213~225 (2006)
- 황대룡, "행인의 알레르기 천식 효과에 대한 연구", 대한본초학회지, 18(2), pp.20~208 (2003), 대한본초학회
- 김유승, "杏仁藥鍼이 항알레르기에 미치는 영향", Korean Journal of Acupuncture, 24(4), pp.151~162 (2007), 경락경혈학회
- Yamamoto K, "Antimutagenic substances in the Armeniacae semen and Persicae semen", Yakugaku Zasshi, 112(12), pp.934~939 (1992)
- Toriyama-Baba H, "Organotropic chemopreventive effects of n-3 unsaturated fatty acids in a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model", Jpn J Cancer Res, 92(11), pp.1175~1183 (2001)
- Yang HY, "Amygdalin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse BV2 microglial cells", Neurological Research, 29(1), pp.59~64 (2007), Maney Publishing
- 김영훈, "행인의 약용화장품 활성 및 미백 효과에 관한 연구", 한약응용학회지, 7(1), pp.35~39 (2007)
- 김영욱, "행인에서 추출한 Amygdalin이 좌골신경 단열로 신경이 손상된 쥐의 기능회복 및 중심회백질의 c-Fos 발현에 미치는 영향", 한방재활의학과학회지, 16(4), pp.37~47 (2006), 한방재활의학과학회
- 서부일, "행인의 독성에 관한 문헌적 고찰", 제한동의학술원논문집, 6(1), pp.135~162 (2008)
- Suchard JR, "Acute cyanide toxicity caused by apricot kernel ingestion", Ann Emerg Med, 32(6), pp.742~744 (1998)
- 심범상, "행인 제제의 독성 및 항암효과와 자연살해세포 활성에 미치는 효과", 대한한방종양학회지, 6(1), pp.19~28 (2000)
- 한국식품의약품안전청, "의약품 등의 독성시험기준. 서울: 한국식품의약품 안전청 고시 제 2009-116호", 1~59 (2009)
- Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, "OECD guideline (423) for testing of chemicals – acute oral toxicity-acute toxic class method", OECD, 2001, pp.1~14
- Irwin S, "Comprehensive observational assessment: Ia. A systemic, quantitative procedure for assessing the behavioral and physiological state of the mouse", Psychopharmacology, 13(3), pp.222~257 (1968)
- Dourish CT, "Effects of drugs on spontaneous motor activity. In: Experimental Psychopharmacology", pp.325~334 (1987), Humana Press
- 권훈정, "가열조리방법을 통한 행인 내 시안화합물의 저감화", 한국식품위생안전성학회지, 22(4), pp.395~400 (2007), 한국식품위생안전성학회
- 김정훈, "아미그달린의 투여경로에 따른 면역생물학적 연구", 약학회지, 40(2), pp.202~211 (1996)
- 김옥, "행인약침의 급성 아급성 독성실험 및 Sarcoma-180 항암효과에 관한 실험적 연구", 대한약침학회지, 5(1), pp.61~79 (2002)
- Strugala GJ, "Small-intestinal transfer mechanism of prunasin, the primary metabolite of the cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin", Hum Exp Toxicol, 14(11), pp.895~901 (1995)
- O'Brien B, "Severe cyanide toxicity from 'vitamin supplements'", Eur J Emerg Med, 12(5), pp.257~258 (2005)
- Fox JG, "Laboratory animal medicine", pp.613~618 (1984), Orlando: Academic Press
- Tajima Y, "Biological reference data book on experimental animals", pp.1~10 (1989), Soft Science Inc
- Hyun-Soo YOON, "Single Oral Dose Toxicity Test of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan in Rats", 응용약물학회지, 17(3), pp.325~331 (2009), 한국응용약물학회
- Sae-Kwang KU, "14 Days Repeat Oral Dose Toxicity of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan in Rats", 응용약물학회지, 18(1), pp.111~121 (2010), 한국응용약물학회
- Banks WJ, "Female reproductive system, In Applied veterinary histology", pp.506~526 (1986), Williams & Wilkins
- Pineda MH, "Female reproductive system, In Veterinary endocrinology and reproduction", pp.303~354 (1989), Lea & Febiger
- Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.1000 Acute Toxicity Testing Background, "US Environmental Protection Agency", US EPA August, 1~6 (1998)
- Liang AH, "Effects of processing on special toxicity and pharmacodynamics in semen Armeniacae amarum", Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 18(8), pp.474~509 (1993)
- 서부일, "알기 쉬운 한약 포제학", pp.293~295 (2007), 대원당기획출판사
- 이성호, "살구씨의 화학적 조성에 관한 연구", 한국식품영양학회지, 5(1), pp.1~6 (1992)