정화불교운동(1954-1962): 통합주의와 종파주의의 교차로

Abstract

I established three paradigms of ecumenism and sectarianism and philosophically and academically analyzed East Asian Buddhism in general and Korean Buddhism in particular in my published books and articles. First, when I comprehensively examined doctrinal classification systems in Sino-Korean Buddhism, I hermeneutically utilized the first paradigm and grouped them into two, ecumenical and sectarian. Second, when I reviewed relations between Chan and doctrinal Buddhism, Chan soteriology and the Dharma lineages, I vertically and/or horizontally used the second paradigm of ecumenism and Linji Chan sectarianism. Third, referring to Paul Williams who argued that the split of monastic community in Indian Buddhism basically originated depending upon their different interpretation of orthopraxy (vinaya), I investigated the partition of ecumenical monastic order into two sectarian orders, the Jogye Order of unmarried monks and the Taego Order of married monks, in modern Korean Buddhism. I extensively applied the second and third paradigms and analyzed Purification Buddhist Movement, 1954-1962, in this article. In the development of Purification Buddhist Movement, while celibate monks theoretically utilized their paradigm of ecumenism and Linji Chan sectarianism and arbitrarily and politically expounded their versions of the order's founding patriarchs and thier Dharma lineaged in order to take the order's hegemony from their counterparts, married monks used thier paradigm and politically and arbitㄱarily explained thieir versions of the order's founding patriarchs and their Dharma lineages in order to maintain thier established hegemony in the order. Because of the success of sectarian Purification Buddhist Movement by celibate monks, married monks divided a united order and founded thier sectarian Taego Order for themselves. The division of ecumenical order into two orders was the first split of monastic order throughout Korean Buddhism based on their different interpretion of orthopraxy. I concretively reviewed the order's first and revised constitutions and academically and philosophically examined the order's founding patriarchs and thier Dharma Lineages in the movenent's process in this article.