A Subversive or Utopian Fairy Tale?: Re-reading Goblin Market as a Quest for Female Self
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There has been a conflict among Victorianists in interpreting Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market as to whether it should be upheld as a Utopian or subversive project. I argue that these contrasting strands existing in the poem demonstrate Rossetti’s unique feminist-religious poetics that contain both utopian solution for and subversive critiques against Victorian society and mores. While many critics tend to emphasize either aspect of the poem, it is crucial to read the poem as a dialectical movement between the utopian and the subversive to go beyond a simple binary opposition between the fantastic and the real, the masculine and the feminine, the bestial and the human, nature and the sheltered home which has long framed the Victorian separate sphere ideology. By offering an overview of the history of feminist criticism on Goblin Market, this paper aims to demonstrate how such oppositional values are intertwined in its narrative development and how its boundary-crossing gestures contribute to Rossetti’s unique feminist poetics that ultimately advocates for a strongly conscious female self and autonomy.
Abstract
There has been a conflict among Victorianists in interpreting Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market as to whether it should be upheld as a Utopian or subversive project. I argue that these contrasting strands existing in the poem demonstrate Rossetti’s unique feminist-religious poetics that contain both utopian solution for and subversive critiques against Victorian society and mores. While many critics tend to emphasize either aspect of the poem, it is crucial to read the poem as a dialectical movement between the utopian and the subversive to go beyond a simple binary opposition between the fantastic and the real, the masculine and the feminine, the bestial and the human, nature and the sheltered home which has long framed the Victorian separate sphere ideology. By offering an overview of the history of feminist criticism on Goblin Market, this paper aims to demonstrate how such oppositional values are intertwined in its narrative development and how its boundary-crossing gestures contribute to Rossetti’s unique feminist poetics that ultimately advocates for a strongly conscious female self and autonomy.
참고문헌 (13)
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- Auerbach, Nina, "Forbidden Journeys: Fairy Tales and Fantasies by Victorian Women Writers" (1992), U of Chicago P
- D’Amico, Diane, "Christina Rossetti: Faith, Gender and Time" (1999), Louisiana State UP
- Gilbert, Sandra M., "The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination" (1984), Yale UP
- Jones, Kathleen, "Learning Not to Be First: The Life of Christina Rossetti" (1991), Windrush P
- Knoepflmacher, U. C., "Ventures into Childland: Victorians, Fairy Tales, and Femininity" (1998), U of Chicago P
- Kooistra, Lorraine Janzen, "The Culture of Christina Rossetti: Female Poetics and Victorian Contexts", pp.137~169
- Mayberry, Katherine J., "Christina Rossetti and the Poetry of Discovery" (1989), Louisiana State UP
- Menke, Richard, "The Culture of Christina Rossetti: Female Poetics and Victorian Contexts", pp.105~136
- Rosenblum, Dolores, "Christina Rossetti: The Poetry of Endurance" (1986), Southern Illinois UP
- Rossetti, Christina, "Goblin Market: A Tale of Two Sisters" (1997), Chronicle Books
- Rossetti, William Michael, "The Poetical Works of Christina Georgina Rossetti" (1904), Macmillan
- Zipes, Jack, "Victorian Fairy Tales: The Revolt of the Fairies and Elves" (1986), Methuen