New Regionalism across the Korea-Japan Strait: Opportunities and Challenges for the Cross-Border Cooperation between Busan and Fukuoka in Light of the Scandinavian Øresund Region
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The recent dramatic alliance between Busan and Fukuoka constitutes one of the most concrete features of post-sovereign governance in East Asia. This substate transnational cooperation implies a new regional development strategy that promotes a cross-border spatial redistribution of industries, on the one hand, and a new scale of political space, sometimes dubbed the “mezzo-government,” on the other. This article examines the opportunities and challenges facing the collaborative regional development across the Korea-Japan Strait in light of European experiences. A case study of the substate cross-border cooperation between Sweden and Denmark through the Øresund Channel puts forth some lessons for the Korea-Japan Strait Economic Zone: the double regionalization, both internal and external, is pursued in parallel with a decentralization of economic power; the core of the development strategy is to create an economy of labor market by gathering a skilled workforce and employers across the border; finally, the soft infrastructure for exchanges, such as private sector-public sector-university cooperation system, is necessary to concretize cross-border cooperation. The review of current situations of the inter-local alliance across the Korea-Japan Strait underlines the zone’s strength in geo-economic proximity, possible industrial synergy, and grass-root regional social capital, but also shows that the inter-city ‘diplomacy’ needs the central governments’ supports in terms of financial autonomy and political legitimacy.
Abstract
The recent dramatic alliance between Busan and Fukuoka constitutes one of the most concrete features of post-sovereign governance in East Asia. This substate transnational cooperation implies a new regional development strategy that promotes a cross-border spatial redistribution of industries, on the one hand, and a new scale of political space, sometimes dubbed the “mezzo-government,” on the other. This article examines the opportunities and challenges facing the collaborative regional development across the Korea-Japan Strait in light of European experiences. A case study of the substate cross-border cooperation between Sweden and Denmark through the Øresund Channel puts forth some lessons for the Korea-Japan Strait Economic Zone: the double regionalization, both internal and external, is pursued in parallel with a decentralization of economic power; the core of the development strategy is to create an economy of labor market by gathering a skilled workforce and employers across the border; finally, the soft infrastructure for exchanges, such as private sector-public sector-university cooperation system, is necessary to concretize cross-border cooperation. The review of current situations of the inter-local alliance across the Korea-Japan Strait underlines the zone’s strength in geo-economic proximity, possible industrial synergy, and grass-root regional social capital, but also shows that the inter-city ‘diplomacy’ needs the central governments’ supports in terms of financial autonomy and political legitimacy.
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