창조계급과 창조자본: 리처드 플로리다 이론의 비판적 이해
Creative Class and Creative Capital: Critical Understanding Richard Florida’s Theory
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초록
최근 창조계급의 입지가 지역발전에 미치는 영향에 대해 논쟁이 활발하다. 양자의인과관계를 주장하는 리처드 플로리다의 창조계급론이 선진국 대부분 도시의 발전전략에 파고드는 중이지만, 비판도 만만치 않다. 이 논문은 새로운 발전패러다임으로 부상하고 있는 창조도시의 맥락에서 창조계급론에 대한 균형 잡힌 이해를 도모하고자 한다. 먼저 플로리다의 주장을 지역발전과 그 변수인 3T(기술, 인재, 관용)의 관계를 중심으로 재구성한다. 그리고 이에 대한 비판을 지역특수성, 방법론, 경제적 가설, 그리고 정치사회적 결과로 나누어 정리한다. 끝으로 이러한 비판을 인간자본, 혁신, 경제성장, 사회결속 등 관련 이론들의 관점에서 제기되는 물음으로 재정리한다. 결론적으로 플로리다 이론의 의의는 지역발전의 동인에 관한 논의의 초점을 기업환경에서 인재환경으로옮겼다는 데 있으며, 그 이론적 한계와 문제는 차세대 창조계급론이 풀어야 할 과제라고 평가한다.
Abstract
The geopgraphy of the creative class and its impact on regional development has been debated for some years. While the ideas of Richard Florida have permeated regional planning strategies in most parts of the Western world, critiques have been numerous. This article aims to grasp balanced understanding the creative class approach in the context of creative city as a new developmental paradigm. It represents Florida’s theory by unpacking the relationship between regional development and its variables,that is, 3Ts(technology, talent, and tolerance). It reorganizes the critiques in terms of regional particularities, methodlogy, economic hypothesis, and socio-political effects, and illustrates the limits to solve: its relationship with human capital theory, tinnovation,economic growth, and social inclusion. It concludes that the critiques and the limits constitute the research agendas left for a second generation of creative class theory.
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