위구르족 ․ 회족 무슬림의 정체성과 문화접변 양상 연구

Abstract

This paper is designed to research on the identity of the Uygur muslim, Hui muslim and their acculturation into the Chinese culture. The culture and identity of the Uyghur people of Xinjiang have been shaped by cultural, linguistic, geographic, and historic interactions with China and surrounding Islamic civilizations since the 7th century. However, the culture and identity of the Hui people have been shaped by political, linguistic, cultural interactions with China and Islam since 19th century. By the 20th century, Hui people have acculturated into Chinese civilizations, but after the Iranian Islamic revolution in 1979 they have resisted the Chinese government. However, after the big migration of Hans into Xinjiang from 1949, both the Uyghurs and the Huis have resisted the Chinese culture and government. In this paper, three major topics on the Muslims in Xinjiang and China are described. In chapter Ⅱ, the Uyghurs' identity is presented. The Uyghurs' identity is regulated by various characteristics, such as ethnic(Turk), religious(Islam), linguistic(Turkish), geographic(Oasis), and cultural(Chinese) elements. Since 1949, China has planned various policies to weaken their identity through acculturation into Chinese culture, but till now never succeeded. In chapter Ⅲ, the Hui Muslims' identity is described. They have Arab-Persia origins, Chinese speaking Muslims, and descendants of Arab and Chinese couples. Most of them have acculturated into the Chinese culture. In chapter Ⅳ, the conflicts between Uyghur Muslims and Hui Muslims are described. They are all Muslims, but the Uyghur Muslims regard Hui Muslims as Chinese people. Because they are already acculturated into China culturally and linguistically. This is the reason why the Uyghurs hate and criticize Huis. In chapter Ⅴ, the pattern of Muslims' acculturation and their responses against the Chinese policies are presented. There are three responses against the Chinese soft and hard policies, including Hans migration and economic assistance. The Chinese hard policies slow acculturation by polarizing Uyghurs and Hans. And hard policies provoke violent and strong resistance by Uyghur nationalists and Islamic fundamentalists. They try to prevent Chinese acculturation policies from affecting Muslims' acculturation. On the other hand, soft policies tend to accelerate Uyghur acculturation into Chinese culture and state. By the 20th century, the Uyghurs show various responses, violent and non-violent, according to their standards of education, economy, and living places. In conclusion, most of the Uyghurs want to be good Muslims and some of them are already acculturated into Chinese culture. But from the Chinese Muslims' point of view, the most important thing to be considered by the Chinese people is that "are they really ready to accept Muslims as Chinese or not".