중세(中世) 아랍 시(詩)에 나타난 ‘몽골과 이슬람 세계와의 충돌’에 관한 연구:13세기 초-15세기 초
A Study on the Conflict between the Mongols and the Islamic World, as found in Arabic Poems of the Middle Ages :from the Early 13th Century to the Early 15th Century
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This thesis aimed at studying features of conflict between Muslims and the Mongols, which are described and reflected in the Arabic poems composed during the Mongols' invasions into the Islamic areas, embarked in the early 13th century and continued for about two centuries. The Arabic poems clearly showed the great shock that the Mongols' invasions gave to Muslims, particularly by describing terror-stricken and scared Muslims in the aftermath of the capture of Baghdad, the metropolis of Abbasid caliphate by the hands of Hulegu's army in 1258. Many lines of those poems are full of gloominess, pessimistic views of the situation and hopelessness. The parts of nasīb(the opening with the colour of sadness) of such poems expressed the bitter grieves of Baghdad inhabitants exposed to real separation from life after their sufferings from mass slaughter and destruction by the Mongols. The Arab poets in their verses frankly admitted of Muslims' faults, regarding the Baghdad's fall as Allah's punishment for Muslims' dissipation. And the poets betrayed human weakness in that they simply attributed the tragedy to the fate rather than struggle against the adversity by relying on religious faith. Many lines of poems include images and expressions showing Muslims' being seized with fear of the cruelty and savage deeds which the Mongolian armies committed in their aggression against the Islamic territories. In the Arabic poems the Mongols are described as manslaughters, gangsters, destroyers of civilization and the most atrocious enemies unparalleled in the Arab history of war. In the consecutive battles against the Mongolian armies advancing to the Syrian areas like battles of 'Ayn Jālūt and Murz al-Suffar, Muslim armies under the command of Mameluk Sultans such as Qutuz and al-Zāhir Baybars defeated the enemy forces. On such occasions of victory Arab poets enhanced Muslims' spirits and freed their minds from fear of enemy by praising Sultans and appreciating Muslim warriors' meritorious deeds. Arab poets inspired Jihād(Islamic holy war) spirits into the hearts of Muslims, not by urging directly on participation in Jihād against the Mongols but by depicting brave Muslim warriors and representing the Islamic belief's confrontation against the Mongolian Kufr(unbelief).
Abstract
This thesis aimed at studying features of conflict between Muslims and the Mongols, which are described and reflected in the Arabic poems composed during the Mongols' invasions into the Islamic areas, embarked in the early 13th century and continued for about two centuries. The Arabic poems clearly showed the great shock that the Mongols' invasions gave to Muslims, particularly by describing terror-stricken and scared Muslims in the aftermath of the capture of Baghdad, the metropolis of Abbasid caliphate by the hands of Hulegu's army in 1258. Many lines of those poems are full of gloominess, pessimistic views of the situation and hopelessness. The parts of nasīb(the opening with the colour of sadness) of such poems expressed the bitter grieves of Baghdad inhabitants exposed to real separation from life after their sufferings from mass slaughter and destruction by the Mongols. The Arab poets in their verses frankly admitted of Muslims' faults, regarding the Baghdad's fall as Allah's punishment for Muslims' dissipation. And the poets betrayed human weakness in that they simply attributed the tragedy to the fate rather than struggle against the adversity by relying on religious faith. Many lines of poems include images and expressions showing Muslims' being seized with fear of the cruelty and savage deeds which the Mongolian armies committed in their aggression against the Islamic territories. In the Arabic poems the Mongols are described as manslaughters, gangsters, destroyers of civilization and the most atrocious enemies unparalleled in the Arab history of war. In the consecutive battles against the Mongolian armies advancing to the Syrian areas like battles of 'Ayn Jālūt and Murz al-Suffar, Muslim armies under the command of Mameluk Sultans such as Qutuz and al-Zāhir Baybars defeated the enemy forces. On such occasions of victory Arab poets enhanced Muslims' spirits and freed their minds from fear of enemy by praising Sultans and appreciating Muslim warriors' meritorious deeds. Arab poets inspired Jihād(Islamic holy war) spirits into the hearts of Muslims, not by urging directly on participation in Jihād against the Mongols but by depicting brave Muslim warriors and representing the Islamic belief's confrontation against the Mongolian Kufr(unbelief).
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