코란과 젠더(Gender)에 관한 연구
A Study on the Qur'an and Gender
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‘Gender’ means a set of characteristics discriminating male and female from the viewpoint of their social roles. Therefore, the term is defined socially rather than biologically. Qur'an contains a lot of verses related to gender issues because Islam had focused on the family as a minimum unit of Islamic community. It is generally agreed among Muslim scholars that regulations and rules related to gender in Qur'an brought some major reforms to social practices of Arabian Peninsula at that time. Meanwhile, it is also true that Qur'anic verses, which allude polygamy, men’s superiority over women, men’s violence against women etc., provided reasons not only for the orientalists who wanted to attack on Muslim women’s gendered inferiority but also for Muslim men who wanted to strengthen patriarchal system. The negative views on gendered roles and relations in Islam were escalated by the prophet’s Hadiths and the Islamic Law called Shari’ah. The Hadith collections, which were compiled about 100 years after the prophet’s death, contain many Hadiths against the Qur'anic spirit on gender issues. And the Shari’ah, which had been established during the period of strengthened patriarchy in the Islamic empire, set up many rules against women whose roots are neither found in Qur'an nor in the Hadith. In many cases, even Muslims are quite confused by the different views on gender issues within three dimensions, i.e. Qur'an,Hadith, and Shari’ah. It is a general idea, however, that Muslim women have ‘universal’characteristics although they have had different looks in different periods and regions through the Islamic history, and in different milieu of each Islamic country today. This paper will focus on the Qur'an and its interpretations to discuss gender in the consideration that Qur'an is recognized as the most ‘Islamic’ among Muslims. The second chapter of this paper will discuss how the Qur'an had been differently interpreted according to interpreters’ personal tendency or philosophy. And the third chapter will inquire into Muslim interpreters’ so called 'gender views' by analyzing Qur'anic verses.
Abstract
‘Gender’ means a set of characteristics discriminating male and female from the viewpoint of their social roles. Therefore, the term is defined socially rather than biologically. Qur'an contains a lot of verses related to gender issues because Islam had focused on the family as a minimum unit of Islamic community. It is generally agreed among Muslim scholars that regulations and rules related to gender in Qur'an brought some major reforms to social practices of Arabian Peninsula at that time. Meanwhile, it is also true that Qur'anic verses, which allude polygamy, men’s superiority over women, men’s violence against women etc., provided reasons not only for the orientalists who wanted to attack on Muslim women’s gendered inferiority but also for Muslim men who wanted to strengthen patriarchal system. The negative views on gendered roles and relations in Islam were escalated by the prophet’s Hadiths and the Islamic Law called Shari’ah. The Hadith collections, which were compiled about 100 years after the prophet’s death, contain many Hadiths against the Qur'anic spirit on gender issues. And the Shari’ah, which had been established during the period of strengthened patriarchy in the Islamic empire, set up many rules against women whose roots are neither found in Qur'an nor in the Hadith. In many cases, even Muslims are quite confused by the different views on gender issues within three dimensions, i.e. Qur'an,Hadith, and Shari’ah. It is a general idea, however, that Muslim women have ‘universal’characteristics although they have had different looks in different periods and regions through the Islamic history, and in different milieu of each Islamic country today. This paper will focus on the Qur'an and its interpretations to discuss gender in the consideration that Qur'an is recognized as the most ‘Islamic’ among Muslims. The second chapter of this paper will discuss how the Qur'an had been differently interpreted according to interpreters’ personal tendency or philosophy. And the third chapter will inquire into Muslim interpreters’ so called 'gender views' by analyzing Qur'anic verses.
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