A Study on the Influence and Implications of Israel's Military Involvement in Politics
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Israel's unprecedented successes as a political democracy and its economic development make it an abnormality in the modern world. Compared to other developing states in the Middle East, Asia and other regions, Israel has successfully established a modern state system. Since this achievement the Israeli military has played a pivotal role in state formation and development by helping to produce a modern state resembling that in the West. Before and after its independence Israel has faced external and internal security threats. These continuous security threats offered the Israeli military authority and a privileged status, not only as a defense establishment taking responsibility over national security, but also as a social integration entity for national unity by being entrusted with civilian tasks such as education, settlement, and the absorption of the hundreds of thousands of Jewish immigrants arriving in Israel. Due to the critical role the Israeli military plays in society, voluntarily or involuntarily, the Israeli military has retained the public trust in which the military has exerted and expanded its influence and power. This power goes beyond the overall social and political sectors of Israel into the practical policy making related to security affairs by monopolizing the national security agenda. In particular, the several wars and military confrontations with "hostile" neighboring Arab states, as well as the recent low-intensity conflicts with armed non-state groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah, contributed to the justification of Israeli military involvement in politics and the career transfers of the military officers into the political sector. As a result, these trends have caused controversy over matters of separation of boundaries between politics and the military, civilian supremacy over the military, and Israel’s democracy in civil-military relations. In this respect, it is important to research the role and structure of the military authority formed in Israel for a better understanding of Israeli society and to further understand the civilian-military relations strongly established in Israel. Therefore, based on these arguments, this research will proceed with the following aims, (1) to address the main perspectives of Israel's civil-military relations, (2) to examine the causes and characteristics of military involvement in politics, and (3) to analyze the involvement mechanism of Israel's military authority in politics, and (4) to determine the influence and implications that Israel's military has had in politics and society.
Abstract
Israel's unprecedented successes as a political democracy and its economic development make it an abnormality in the modern world. Compared to other developing states in the Middle East, Asia and other regions, Israel has successfully established a modern state system. Since this achievement the Israeli military has played a pivotal role in state formation and development by helping to produce a modern state resembling that in the West. Before and after its independence Israel has faced external and internal security threats. These continuous security threats offered the Israeli military authority and a privileged status, not only as a defense establishment taking responsibility over national security, but also as a social integration entity for national unity by being entrusted with civilian tasks such as education, settlement, and the absorption of the hundreds of thousands of Jewish immigrants arriving in Israel. Due to the critical role the Israeli military plays in society, voluntarily or involuntarily, the Israeli military has retained the public trust in which the military has exerted and expanded its influence and power. This power goes beyond the overall social and political sectors of Israel into the practical policy making related to security affairs by monopolizing the national security agenda. In particular, the several wars and military confrontations with "hostile" neighboring Arab states, as well as the recent low-intensity conflicts with armed non-state groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah, contributed to the justification of Israeli military involvement in politics and the career transfers of the military officers into the political sector. As a result, these trends have caused controversy over matters of separation of boundaries between politics and the military, civilian supremacy over the military, and Israel’s democracy in civil-military relations. In this respect, it is important to research the role and structure of the military authority formed in Israel for a better understanding of Israeli society and to further understand the civilian-military relations strongly established in Israel. Therefore, based on these arguments, this research will proceed with the following aims, (1) to address the main perspectives of Israel's civil-military relations, (2) to examine the causes and characteristics of military involvement in politics, and (3) to analyze the involvement mechanism of Israel's military authority in politics, and (4) to determine the influence and implications that Israel's military has had in politics and society.
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