『나사의 회전』—유령과 익명성의 문제
The Turn of the Screw: The Ghost and the Idea of Anonymity
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Henry James’s The Turn of the Screw is regarded as one of the greatest ghost stories in English literature. The implication of this story is so complex that many attempts have been made so far to give an authentic interpretation about it. Therefore, the reader has to make his or her own interpretation, while filling in the narrative gap that appears virtually on every page. In reading this story, we must note the text’s ability to generate multiple meanings in a single sentence or paragraph. The meaning of this novella then is more complicated by the central question of the story: the identity of the ghost. Consequently, many critics have argued the question whether this is a ghost story or not. Yet, in his Preface to this story, James made it clear that he intended his work basically as a ghost story, which implies that beyond all the critical disputes it is a supreme ghost story. What makes this novella a peculiar ghost story is that throughout the story the identity of the governess is not disclosed, whereas the names of the two ghosts are properly given. Thus the lack of the identity of the governess, caused by her anonymity, becomes the main factor to generate the horror for which the fame of this story is established. Seen in this regard, the governess becomes a ghostly figure by the device of not revealing her name. Actually she controls her surroundings by giving the ghosts the real names, while disappearing herself into the disguise of anonymity. In contrast to the governess who actively plays a role of the ghost by her anonymity, the real ghosts seem inactive and passive with the assumption of human characteristics by their names. As a result, the governess is so successful in her enterprise that she becomes a virtual ghost in terms of the ghostly effect she evokes. Her entity as a governess in the end approaches the realm of the ghost, which brings in the mind of the readers that the whole story is the successful accomplishment of the governess who tries to transform her experiences into a unique ghost story.
Abstract
Henry James’s The Turn of the Screw is regarded as one of the greatest ghost stories in English literature. The implication of this story is so complex that many attempts have been made so far to give an authentic interpretation about it. Therefore, the reader has to make his or her own interpretation, while filling in the narrative gap that appears virtually on every page. In reading this story, we must note the text’s ability to generate multiple meanings in a single sentence or paragraph. The meaning of this novella then is more complicated by the central question of the story: the identity of the ghost. Consequently, many critics have argued the question whether this is a ghost story or not. Yet, in his Preface to this story, James made it clear that he intended his work basically as a ghost story, which implies that beyond all the critical disputes it is a supreme ghost story. What makes this novella a peculiar ghost story is that throughout the story the identity of the governess is not disclosed, whereas the names of the two ghosts are properly given. Thus the lack of the identity of the governess, caused by her anonymity, becomes the main factor to generate the horror for which the fame of this story is established. Seen in this regard, the governess becomes a ghostly figure by the device of not revealing her name. Actually she controls her surroundings by giving the ghosts the real names, while disappearing herself into the disguise of anonymity. In contrast to the governess who actively plays a role of the ghost by her anonymity, the real ghosts seem inactive and passive with the assumption of human characteristics by their names. As a result, the governess is so successful in her enterprise that she becomes a virtual ghost in terms of the ghostly effect she evokes. Her entity as a governess in the end approaches the realm of the ghost, which brings in the mind of the readers that the whole story is the successful accomplishment of the governess who tries to transform her experiences into a unique ghost story.
참고문헌 (14)
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- Lustig,T.J, "Henry James and the Ghostly" (1994), Cambridge UP
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- Wilson, Edmund, "The Ambiguity of Henry James. The Turn of the Screw: Authoritative Text, Contexts, Criticism", pp.170~73 (1999), Norton