시각예술에 대한 이끌림과 거리두기—『성 애그니스제 전야』와 라파엘전파 회화
Attraction to and Distancing of Visual Arts:The Eve of St. Agnes and Pre-Raphaelite Paintings
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The Eve of St. Agnes is a romance that resembles a series of gorgeouspaintings redolent of Pre-Raphaelite paintings. Over these picturesque“paintings” Keats scatters dishonest stratagems that Porphyro uses to enchantMadeline. As Porphyro is identified with Keats in the act of writing thepoem, the stratagems are equivalent to the devices that Keats employs tocharm readers. For the readers The Eve of St. Agnes serves as an enchantingartistic commodity in verse, from which Keats subtly distances himself. Therefore, when Madeline and Porphyro flee away into the storm, Keatsseems to send them to the “fairyland” where he imagines that poetry could beautonomous without the need to cater to commercialism. Pre-Raphaelite painters, inspired by Keats’s poetry, were intent onchallenging the mannerism of the authoritative Royal Academy. However,after 1860, they became more attracted to the sensual and visual pleasure thatluxurious objects and exotic foods depicted in Keats’s poems stimulate. Sincebourgeois patrons and art collectors in the mid Victorian period wereenthralled by the sensual pleasure Keats’s poems evoke, his poetry was thefavorite source of subject matters for Pre-Raphaelite painters. Pre-Raphaelitepaintings by William Holman Hunt, Arthur Hughes, and John Everett Millaiswere inspired by the picturesque romance of The Eve of St. Agnes. Nonetheless, they either distort Keats’s poem or overemphasize its sensualaspect or moral aspect; thus they fail to capture the ambivalence implied inKeats’s attraction to and distancing of visual arts in poetry.
Abstract
The Eve of St. Agnes is a romance that resembles a series of gorgeouspaintings redolent of Pre-Raphaelite paintings. Over these picturesque“paintings” Keats scatters dishonest stratagems that Porphyro uses to enchantMadeline. As Porphyro is identified with Keats in the act of writing thepoem, the stratagems are equivalent to the devices that Keats employs tocharm readers. For the readers The Eve of St. Agnes serves as an enchantingartistic commodity in verse, from which Keats subtly distances himself. Therefore, when Madeline and Porphyro flee away into the storm, Keatsseems to send them to the “fairyland” where he imagines that poetry could beautonomous without the need to cater to commercialism. Pre-Raphaelite painters, inspired by Keats’s poetry, were intent onchallenging the mannerism of the authoritative Royal Academy. However,after 1860, they became more attracted to the sensual and visual pleasure thatluxurious objects and exotic foods depicted in Keats’s poems stimulate. Sincebourgeois patrons and art collectors in the mid Victorian period wereenthralled by the sensual pleasure Keats’s poems evoke, his poetry was thefavorite source of subject matters for Pre-Raphaelite painters. Pre-Raphaelitepaintings by William Holman Hunt, Arthur Hughes, and John Everett Millaiswere inspired by the picturesque romance of The Eve of St. Agnes. Nonetheless, they either distort Keats’s poem or overemphasize its sensualaspect or moral aspect; thus they fail to capture the ambivalence implied inKeats’s attraction to and distancing of visual arts in poetry.
참고문헌 (34)
- Bate, Walter Jackson, "John Keats" (1979), Chatto & Windus
- Bennett, Andrew, "Keats, Narrative and Audience: The Posthumous Life of Writing" (1994), Cambridge UP
- Betz, Laura Wells, "Keats and the Charm of Words: Making Sense of The Eve of St. Agnes", Studies in Romanticism, 47(3), pp.299~319 (2008)
- Bush, Douglas, "John Keats. Selected Poems and Letter" (1959), Houghton Mifflin
- Codell, Julie F, "Painting Keats: Pre-Raphaelite Artists Between Social Transgressions and Painterly Conventions", Victorian Poetry, 33(3), pp.341~370 (1995)
- Cox, Jeffrey N., "Lamia, Isabella, and The Eve of St. Agnes: ‘Eros and Romance’, In The Cambridge Companion to Keats", pp.63~64 (2001), Cambridge UP
- Des Cars, Laurence, "Pre-Raphaelites: Romance and Realism" (2000), Harry N. Abrams
- Farnell, Gary, "Unfit for Ladies’: Keats’s The Eve of St. Agnes", Studies in Romanticism, 34(3), pp.401~412 (1995)
- Fay, Elizabeth, "Romantic Medievalism: History and the Romantic Literary Ideal" (2002), Palgrave
- Garofalo, Daniela, "‘Give me that voice again ... Those looks immortal’: Gaze and Voice in Keats’s The Eve of St. Agnes", Studies in Romanticism, 49(3), pp.353~373 (2010)
- Garvin, Katharine, "The Christianity of St. Agnes’ Eve: Keats’s Catholic Inspiration", The Dublin Review, 234(Winter), pp.356~364 (1960)
- Keats, John, "The Poems of John Keats" (1979), The Belknap Press of Harvard UP
- Keats, John, "The Letters of John Keats. 2 Vols" (2001), Harvard UP
- Keats, John. Endymion, "Endymion. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Fourth Edition. Vol. 2", pp.802~ (1979), W.W. Norton & Company
- Levinson, Marjorie, "Keats’s Life of Allegory: The Origins of a Style" (1988), Basil Blackwell
- McFarland, Thomas, "The Masks of Keats: The Endeavour of a Poet" (2000), Oxford UP
- McKendrick, Neil, "The Consumer Revolution of Eighteenth-Century England, In The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England", pp.9~33 (1982), Indiana UP
- Mizukoshi, Ayumi, "Keats, Hunt and the Aesthetics of Pleasure" (2001), Palgrave
- O’Rourke, James, "Persona and Voice in the ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’", Studies in Romanticism, 26(1), pp.27~48 (1987)
- Ostas, Magdalena, "Keats’s Voice", Studies in Romanticism, 50(2), pp.335~350 (2011)
- Paglia, Camille, "Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson" (1990), Vintage Books
- Park, Hye Young, "Gendering Readers: The Eve of St. Agnes", 영학논집, 24, pp.88~101 (2000)
- Pearce, Lynne, "Woman, Image, Text: Readings in Pre-Raphaelite Art and Literature" (1991), U of Toronto P
- Prettejohn, Elizabeth, "The Cambridge Companion to the Pre-Raphaelites" (2012), Cambridge UP
- Radcliffe, Evan, "Keats, Ideas, and Isabella", Modern Language Quarterly, 47, pp.253~271 (1986)
- Scott, Grant F., "Language Strange: A Visual History of Keats’s ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’", Studies in Romanticism, 38(4), pp.503~535 (1999)
- Stillinger, Jack, "The Hoodwinking of Madeline: Scepticism in ‘The Eve of St. Agnes’", Studies in Philology, 58(3), pp.533~555 (1961)
- Stillinger, Jack, "Keats and Romance", Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 8(4), pp.593~605 (1968)
- Stillinger, Jack, "The Text of Keats’s Poems" (1974), Harvard UP
- Wang, Orrin, "Coming Attractions: Lamia and Cinematic Sensation", Studies in Romanticism, 42(4), pp.461~501 (2003)
- Wasserman, Earl, "The Finer Tone: Keats’s Major Poems" (1967), Johns Hopkins UP
- Wolfson, Susan, "Keats’s Isabella and the ‘Digressions’ of ‘Romance’", Criticism, 27(3), pp.247~261 (1985)
- Wordsworth, William, "Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1802), In The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Fourth Edition. Vol. 2", pp.165~ (1802), W.W. Norton & Company
- Yeats, W. B, "Yeats’s Poems" (1989), Gill and Macmillan