水路朝天錄과 통신사행록의 바다 체험 비교

Abstract

Korea is a maritime country surrounded by the sea on three sides, but there were not many opportunities to express sea experiences in Chinese literature created mainly by literati. During the Chosun Dynasty, which maintained the closed‐door policy, the only way to go out to the open sea was participating in a diplomatic delegation. Crossing the sea, the delegation arrived in a foreign country like China or Japan, and because Chinese characters were commonly used in East Asia, all experiences were recorded in Chinese characters. Because the 1st and 2nd delegations were for the repatriation of captives, they naturally remembered the Japanese invasion in 1592 vividly and could not escape from the wounds left by the war. Kim Se‐ryeom visited Japan 40 years after the end of the war with Japan but still he met captives in many places. Based on the deployment of war vessels he had seen in Japan, he proposed that Korea should prepare countermeasures. When the government sent a delegation, it gave the mission of spying as a matter of course, and a representative case was the delegation in 1590, which spied the likeliness of Japanese invasion to Korea, which actually happened in 1592. Because fishing villages on the route of the delegation could not accommodate the large group with around 500 members, the delegates ate and slept on board, and the cabins on the ship were their lodgings and spaces for writing. As such a large and luxurious ship was prepared and sailed by seamen familiar with the sea route to Japan, the route to Japan was safer than that to China, and for this reason, delegates to Japan could write poems or keep diaries. Even after the Ming Dynasty of China fell and Surojocheon was abolished, delegations to China had to cross the sea, and as the voyages were repeated, the number of literati writing poems and essays increased. They not only recorded sea experiences but also, like Lee Eon‐jin, created literary works by combining all kinds of imaginations and world views. The biggest sea experiences were recorded by delegations to China and Japan. Gahaejocheonrok was an experience in a situation that a long‐distance voyage had not been prepared for, and in contrast, Haesarok was one in a prepared situation. Both were written during the period of Houjin’s invasion. The delegation to Japan sailed under the hospitable escort of Japanese guides, but that to China was assaulted by pirates and barely escaped alive. The perception of Kim Se‐ryeom, who had thought of an immortal through his experience in the Japanese sea, was changed in Lee Eon‐jin who thought of Chosun and Japan in the vast world. This shows the transformation of world view due to the lapse of 130 years and Western knowledge imported during the period.