Processing Filler-Gap Dependencies in Korean How Many-Constructions
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study examines the processing of Korean how many-phrase questions that include filler-gap dependencies. A corpus analysis and a reading time analysis were conducted. The reading time data were collected in an experiment employing a self-paced reading task with 43 native Korean-speaking adults. Korean question words can appear in situ or be scrambled to appear in various positions. The materials were sentences with how many-phrases and a variety of word orders. The reading time results indicate that the readers began to search for the gap as soon as they had identified the fronted how many-phrase in scrambled constructions. This finding tells us that the readers’ sentence processing mechanism is not guided by probabilistic expectations; that is, it is not shaped by the distributional patterns in their language experience. However, the finding is consistent with the prediction that the parser engages in an Active Filler Strategy, indicating that the processing mechanism is guided by an active process of dependency formation.
Abstract
This study examines the processing of Korean how many-phrase questions that include filler-gap dependencies. A corpus analysis and a reading time analysis were conducted. The reading time data were collected in an experiment employing a self-paced reading task with 43 native Korean-speaking adults. Korean question words can appear in situ or be scrambled to appear in various positions. The materials were sentences with how many-phrases and a variety of word orders. The reading time results indicate that the readers began to search for the gap as soon as they had identified the fronted how many-phrase in scrambled constructions. This finding tells us that the readers’ sentence processing mechanism is not guided by probabilistic expectations; that is, it is not shaped by the distributional patterns in their language experience. However, the finding is consistent with the prediction that the parser engages in an Active Filler Strategy, indicating that the processing mechanism is guided by an active process of dependency formation.
참고문헌 (31)
- Aoshima, S., "Processing Filler-Gap Dependencies in a Head-Final Language", Journal of Memory and Language, 51, pp.23~54 (2004)
- Atkinson, E., "Developing Incrementality in Filler-Gap Dependency Processing", Cognition, 179, pp.132~149 (2018)
- Beck, S., "On Wh-and Operator Scope in Korean", Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 6, pp.339~384 (1997)
- Choi, J., "Corpus Linguistics for Korean Language Learning and Teaching", pp.107~147 (2005), University of Hawai’i Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center
- Coughlin, C. E., "Proficiency-and Working Memory-based Explanations for Non-native Speakers’ Sensitivity to Agreement in Sentence Processing", Applied Psycholinguistics, 34(3), pp.615~646 (2013)
- Crain, S., "Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational and Theoretical Perspectives", pp.92~128 (1985), Cambridge University Press
- Frazier, L., "Syntactic Processing: Evidence from Dutch", Natural Language and Linguistics Theory, 5, pp.519~560 (1987)
- Frazier, L., "Successive Cyclicity in the Grammar and the Parser", Language and Cognitive Processes, 4, pp.93~126 (1989)
- 한혜령, "Processing Scrambled Wh-Constructions in Head-Final Languages: Dependency Resolution and Feature Checking", 언어와 정보, 18(2), pp.59~79 (2014), 한국언어정보학회
- Hale, J., "A Probabilistic Earley Parser as a Psycholinguistic Model", Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Language Technologies, pp.159~166 (2001), Association for Computational Linguistics
- Hale, J., "The Information Conveyed by Words in Sentences", Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 32(2), pp.101~123 (2003)
- Hale, J., "Uncertainty about the Rest of the Sentence", Cognitive Science, 30(4), pp.643~672 (2006)
- Juffs, A., "Some Effects of First Language Argument Structure and Morphosyntax on Second Language Sentence Processing", Second Language Research, 14(4), pp.406~424 (1998)
- Juffs, A., "Aspects of Working Memory in L2 Learning", Language Teaching: Reviews and Studies, 44(2), pp.137~166 (2011)
- Just, M., "Paradigms and Processes in Reading Comprehension", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 111(2), pp.228~238 (1982)
- Levy, R., "Expectation-based Syntactic Comprehension", Cognition, 106, pp.1126~1177 (2008)
- 이진희, "한국인 학습자들의 영어 전치사구 부가 모호성 해결 책략에 관한 연구", 언어과학, 22(2), pp.41~61 (2015), 한국언어과학회[DOI]
- 이진희, "한국인 학습자들의 영어 본동사와 축약 관계절 사이에서 나타나는 통사적 모호성 해결 책략", 언어과학, 24(1), pp.105~128 (2017), 한국언어과학회[DOI]
- Lim, J., "Second Language Sensitivity to Agreement Errors: Evidence from Eye Movements during Comprehension and Translation", Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(6), pp.1283~1315 (2015)
- MacDonald, M. C., "Probabilistic Constraints and Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution", Language and Cognitive Processes, 9(2), pp.157~201 (1994)
- Omaki, A., "Filler-Gap Dependencies and Island Constraints in Second Language Sentence Processing", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33, pp.563~588 (2011)
- Omaki, A., "No Fear of Commitment: Children’s Incremental Interpretation in English and Japanese WH-Questions", Language Learning and Development, 10, pp.206~233 (2014)
- Pickering, M. J., "Evidence Against the Use of Subcategorisation Frequency in the Processing of Unbounded Dependencies", Language and Cognitive Processes, 18(4), pp.469~503 (2003)
- Roland, D., "Frequency of English Grammatical Structures: A Corpus Analysis", Journal of Memory and Language, 57, pp.348~379 (2007)
- Saito, M., "Some Asymmetries in Japanese and their Theoretical Implications", Doctor, pp.1985
- Staub, A., "The Parser Doesn’t Ignore Intransitivity, After All", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(3), pp.550~569 (2007)
- Staub, A., "Eye Movements and Processing Difficulty in Object Relative Clauses", Cognition, 116(1), pp.71~86 (2010)
- Sohn, H., "The Korean Language" (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Stowe, L. E., "Parsing WH-Constructions: Evidence for On-Line Gap Location", Language and Cognitive Processes, 1(3), pp.227~245 (1986)
- Wagers, M., "The Real-Time Comprehension of WH Dependencies in a WH-Agreement Language", Language, 91(1), pp.109~144 (2015)
- Watanabe, A., "Subjacency and S-Structure Movement of Wh-In-Situ", Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 1, pp.255~291 (1992)