出土与传世≪论语≫异文及相关问题研究 -以平壤贞柏洞出土竹简≪论语≫为考查范围-

Abstract

The extant versions of the Analects of Confucius, one of the Confucian classics, include both documents handed down from ancient times and those unearthed. This paper takes the relatively complete version of the Analects of Confucius written on the 39 bamboo slips excavated from ancient tomb No.364 of Jongbaek-dong in Pyongyang as research scope and compares the variations seen in unearthed version of the Analects of Confucius and those in the handed-down versions. The variations specifically analyzed in this paper include the following ones: interchangeable characters with the same origin, phonetic loan characters, mistaken characters resulting from poor writing, variant forms of characters, interchangeable synonyms, as well as the expansion and contraction of sentences, etc. By comparing with the Analects of Confucius written on the bamboo slips excavated from Han Tomb of Dingzhou, the paper also illustrates the similarities and differences of the variations seen in these two unearthed versions of Analects excavated from different places. Although the Analects of Confucius written on the bamboo slips unearthed from Jongbaek-dong, Pyongyang and those from Dingzhou date back to almost the same age, differences between these two sets of materials are found by comparing the variations seen in them, and these differences may have resulted from two different editions. Furthermore, several causes of variations are analyzed in this paper. Nowadays, the Analects of Confucius is regarded as an important part of teaching content in the textbooks of higher education in East Asia, like Hanmun in South Korea. Studies on the expressions and characters of the Analects of Confucius are of great benefit to teaching Chinese language and characters to the world.