Optimality Theory and Complex Morphosyntactic Variation in Russian
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Abstract
This paper considers a new approach to issues in Russian morphosyntax using methodology borrowed from Optimality Theory. Russian features an apparently optional rule known as the Genitive of Negation, whereby the direct object of a negated verb may be marked with the Genitive case (instead of the usual Accusative) under certain complex morphological, syntactic, and semantic conditions. Previous influential approaches to this problem have often involved the postulation of one or more hierarchies of variable features. In analyzing the Genitive of Negation, Timberlake (1975) established 18 criteria which promoted either the Genitive or Accusative with negated verbs. In his hierarchy the features were predominately semantic or formal/morphological, but with no theoretical foundation. Optimality Theory utilizes empirically-motivated constraints of various types which govern the selection of well-formed phonological output based on relative rankings of competing constraints. Some recent work has extended this methodology into morphology and syntax. This paper proposes a methodology for integrating semantic constraints, formal morphological constraints, formal syntactic constraints, and pragmatic constraints into a post-syntactic OT module, illustrating its operation with the Genitive of Negation. The analysis has broader consequences for application to other instances of complex morphosyntactic variation in Russian as well as in other languages.
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