관계에 관하여
On Relation
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Relation, as one of Aristotelian categories, is different from substance. 'Father' is not an expression referring to a thing(a substance), but it is a relational term, derived from a state-of-affairs “A begets B (or, A gives birth to B)”, from which we call A B's father. It takes two to have a relation, and the relation is defined or stipulated on the two. In this respect, relation is different from the other Aristotelian categories in that it takes 2 substances or two properties or others to form a relation. For the sake of conceptual clarity, we need a terminological refinement, or redefinition. For example: A is the modifier(modificans) of B and B is the modified(modificatum) of A when A modifies(modificare) B. A is the predicator(praedicans) of B, and B is the predicated(praedicatum) of A when A predicates(praedicare) B. A is the sign(significans) of B and B is the meaning(significatum) of A when A means(signifies, significare) B. The 'subject-predicate' opposition is to be rendered as 'praedicatum-praedicans' opposition, which will make it clear what matters with respect to the relation and where the terms came from. In relation to linguistic signs there are various relations involved: 1) the sign-meaning relation; 2) the sign-sign relation; 3) the meaning-meaning relation; 4) the sign-(meaning-meaning) relation; 5) the (sign-sign)-(meaning-meaning) relation. The syntactic relations as spoken by Chomskians are usually intended to be that of 2), the sign-sign relation, but we can see many times they involve 3), the meaning-meaning relation. There are three meaning-meaning relations: modification(A modifies B), predication(A predicates B), and conjunction(A and B are conjoined with each other). These are the core relations which describe the structure of the meanings of language. And if we can say language constructs the world as it is, the 3 are the central ways of how it constructs the world. By predication a state of affairs comes to have its shape; by modification a thing comes to have its shape. Without such languaging the state of affairs has no structure, no shape, so it cannot exist as such. The languaging(modifying, predicating, conjoining) is the principle of structuring the world. It takes two to tango. It takes two to relate. The study of relation is the study of two-ness.
Abstract
Relation, as one of Aristotelian categories, is different from substance. 'Father' is not an expression referring to a thing(a substance), but it is a relational term, derived from a state-of-affairs “A begets B (or, A gives birth to B)”, from which we call A B's father. It takes two to have a relation, and the relation is defined or stipulated on the two. In this respect, relation is different from the other Aristotelian categories in that it takes 2 substances or two properties or others to form a relation. For the sake of conceptual clarity, we need a terminological refinement, or redefinition. For example: A is the modifier(modificans) of B and B is the modified(modificatum) of A when A modifies(modificare) B. A is the predicator(praedicans) of B, and B is the predicated(praedicatum) of A when A predicates(praedicare) B. A is the sign(significans) of B and B is the meaning(significatum) of A when A means(signifies, significare) B. The 'subject-predicate' opposition is to be rendered as 'praedicatum-praedicans' opposition, which will make it clear what matters with respect to the relation and where the terms came from. In relation to linguistic signs there are various relations involved: 1) the sign-meaning relation; 2) the sign-sign relation; 3) the meaning-meaning relation; 4) the sign-(meaning-meaning) relation; 5) the (sign-sign)-(meaning-meaning) relation. The syntactic relations as spoken by Chomskians are usually intended to be that of 2), the sign-sign relation, but we can see many times they involve 3), the meaning-meaning relation. There are three meaning-meaning relations: modification(A modifies B), predication(A predicates B), and conjunction(A and B are conjoined with each other). These are the core relations which describe the structure of the meanings of language. And if we can say language constructs the world as it is, the 3 are the central ways of how it constructs the world. By predication a state of affairs comes to have its shape; by modification a thing comes to have its shape. Without such languaging the state of affairs has no structure, no shape, so it cannot exist as such. The languaging(modifying, predicating, conjoining) is the principle of structuring the world. It takes two to tango. It takes two to relate. The study of relation is the study of two-ness.
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