The Realizations of /h/ in Seoul and Gwangju Koreans
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In Korean /h/ appears in the initial position of accentual phrase but it rarely does elsewhere. After obstruents, it merges with the preceding obstruent into an aspirated stop and after sonorants, it may be voiced or deleted in Seoul Korean. Based on the fact that /h/ may be deleted even after obstruents in Gwangju (and South-Western) Korean, we hypothesized that /h/ would delete more often after sonorants in Gwangju than in Seoul. In addition, we aimed to examine the dialectal difference at the phonetic and the phonological levels. We analyzed underlying and derived aspirated stops and /h/ in a small reading corpus, which consists of five stories read by three Seoul speakers and three Gwangju speakers in their 50's. The duration of /h/ was measured in assistance with the center of gravity values of every 10ms sections. The results showed that /h/ was deleted after obstruents in Gwangju as expected, but the VOT of aspirated stops were not significantly longer in Seoul than in Gwangju. Similarly, /h/ was weaked or deleted more often in Gwangju than in Seoul, but the duration of voiceless and voiced /h/s was not significantly longer in Seoul. These results suggest that the dialectal difference is construed as a matter of optionality, which takes place at the phonological level. The Maxent Grammar Tool gave a much higher weight to Max(h) in the Seoul data than in the Gwangju data. Accordingly, we argue that the difference is contributed to the relatively strong requirement to preserve /h/ in Seoul.
Abstract
In Korean /h/ appears in the initial position of accentual phrase but it rarely does elsewhere. After obstruents, it merges with the preceding obstruent into an aspirated stop and after sonorants, it may be voiced or deleted in Seoul Korean. Based on the fact that /h/ may be deleted even after obstruents in Gwangju (and South-Western) Korean, we hypothesized that /h/ would delete more often after sonorants in Gwangju than in Seoul. In addition, we aimed to examine the dialectal difference at the phonetic and the phonological levels. We analyzed underlying and derived aspirated stops and /h/ in a small reading corpus, which consists of five stories read by three Seoul speakers and three Gwangju speakers in their 50's. The duration of /h/ was measured in assistance with the center of gravity values of every 10ms sections. The results showed that /h/ was deleted after obstruents in Gwangju as expected, but the VOT of aspirated stops were not significantly longer in Seoul than in Gwangju. Similarly, /h/ was weaked or deleted more often in Gwangju than in Seoul, but the duration of voiceless and voiced /h/s was not significantly longer in Seoul. These results suggest that the dialectal difference is construed as a matter of optionality, which takes place at the phonological level. The Maxent Grammar Tool gave a much higher weight to Max(h) in the Seoul data than in the Gwangju data. Accordingly, we argue that the difference is contributed to the relatively strong requirement to preserve /h/ in Seoul.
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