A Quantitative Analysis of Anger and Happiness Metaphors in Korean across Genres and over Time
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This quantitative study takes a data-driven corpus-based approach to variation in the use of Korean emotion metaphors across modern written genres and over time (1980–2004). It focuses on two sets of semantically close emotion words, hwa and pwunno (similar to anger and rage, respectively) in figurative expressions based on anger metaphors, and hayngpok and kippum (similar to happiness and joy, respectively) in figurative expressions based on happiness metaphors. The results demonstrate that both genre and year affect the frequency of occurrence of figurative expressions. For anger, hwa metaphors are more frequent in the nonfiction book and novel genres than other genres, while pwunno metaphors show no difference by genre. Hwa metaphors occur consistently and at high frequencies across the time period analyzed, while pwunno metaphors show up later and at lower frequencies. For happiness, kippum metaphors are more frequent in the nonfiction book and newspaper genres, while hayngpok occurs most frequently in the nonfiction book and novel genres. The frequency distributions of expressions with hayngpok and kippum changed over the years in different ways, with short, reversed rises and falls. The paper concludes by discussing the benefits and limitations of a corpus-based genre approach to the study of figurative language.
Abstract
This quantitative study takes a data-driven corpus-based approach to variation in the use of Korean emotion metaphors across modern written genres and over time (1980–2004). It focuses on two sets of semantically close emotion words, hwa and pwunno (similar to anger and rage, respectively) in figurative expressions based on anger metaphors, and hayngpok and kippum (similar to happiness and joy, respectively) in figurative expressions based on happiness metaphors. The results demonstrate that both genre and year affect the frequency of occurrence of figurative expressions. For anger, hwa metaphors are more frequent in the nonfiction book and novel genres than other genres, while pwunno metaphors show no difference by genre. Hwa metaphors occur consistently and at high frequencies across the time period analyzed, while pwunno metaphors show up later and at lower frequencies. For happiness, kippum metaphors are more frequent in the nonfiction book and newspaper genres, while hayngpok occurs most frequently in the nonfiction book and novel genres. The frequency distributions of expressions with hayngpok and kippum changed over the years in different ways, with short, reversed rises and falls. The paper concludes by discussing the benefits and limitations of a corpus-based genre approach to the study of figurative language.
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