예술치료를 위한 역할개념 연구

Abstract

Virginia Satir, specialist of experimental family therapy, used theatre elements as family therapy techniques. For example, the gesture and attitude of the client are considered as important elements of the "Family Sculpture Technique"; carving a figure of the client, his family members can reveal the relationship between the client and themselves. The theatre space is where we can communicate multi-dimensionally: between artist and text, director and actor, actor and actor, scene and audience. Satir was interested in nonverbal communication on the dramatic space. Fritz Perls, a founder of the Gestalt school of psychotherapy, created a famous technique the "empty chair technique". For using this technique, we need some imagination. One chair is left empty and this vacant chair is used to symbolize another person or role. Through this empty chair, the client can percept his unsolved problems and emotions, and finally escape from unnecessary or useless inner emotions. In psychodrama, the role play theory of Moreno is very important. By the role play, individual and social interaction - in other words individual role and social role network - can be dynamically formed. Since the theater therapy is realized by the role play, the role play technique is itself another name of the theatre therapy. Playing the role of a story, the client remind the past and find himself. This is one of functions of theatre therapy. We say that the techniques such as the sculpture of body, the empty chair (symbol of another person), and the role play are effective in the theatre therapy. However, we don't know why the body movement is effective. In fact, the effectiveness of these techniques is recognized in the field of psychology and counselling, but it is not yet logically approved. It was why we want to find its theoretical and logical bases in this article.