방해자극의 공통 운명 조직화가 다중 객체 추적 과제에 미치는 영향
The effects of distractors on multiple-object tracking capacity through common-fate grouping
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다중 객체 추적 과제(multiple-object tracking task, MOT)는 참가자가 무선적으로 움직이는 다수의 자극 중 일부 표적자극의 움직임을 추적하는 과제로, 이를 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 표적자극에 주의가 할당되어야 한다. MOT 수행에 방해자극의 정보가 영향을 끼치는 지에 대해서는 논란이 있어왔다. 본 연구에서는 표적자극과 방해자극 간의 지각적 조직화가 주의 할당 과정을 방해하는 경우의 MOT 수행에 초점을 맞추었다. 공통 운명 법칙에 따라 동일한 움직임을 공유하며 집단화되는 표적 및 방해자극의 개수를 체계적으로 조작하여(표적자극-방해자극 각각 5개-0개, 4개-1개, 3개-2개, 2개-3개, 1개-4개, 0개-5개), MOT 수행이 달라지는지 확인하였다. 그 결과, 표적자극만으로 조직화되었을 때보다, 표적 및 방해자극이 혼합되어 조직화된 조건에서 상대적으로 더 낮은 추적 정확도를 보였다. 하지만 방해자극만으로 조직화되었을 때에는 높은 정확도가 발견되었다. 이 결과는 지각적 조직화가 주의를 포획하여 MOT 수행에 영향을 끼치며, 단 한 개의 방해자극이라도 표적자극과 지각적으로 조직화가 될 경우 MOT 수행에 부정적인 영향을 끼친다는 것을 보여주었다.
Abstract
The Multiple-object tracking task (MOT) is a task in which participants track the movement of some targets out of the randomly moving stimuli. In order to successfully perform MOT, attention should be assigned to the targets. There has been controversy over whether information of the distractors affects MOT performance. The current study focused on MOT performance when the perceptual organization between targets and distractors interferes with the attentional allocation on the targets. We manipulated the ratio of targets and distractors constituting a perceptually organized group by sharing the same movement according to the common fate law (target-distractor respectively 5-0, 4-1, 3-2, 2-3, 1-4, 0-5), and checked whether MOT performance was changed according to the manipulation. As a result, compared to when grouped by targets alone, the conditions in which targets and distractors were grouped together showed relatively lower tracking accuracy. However, when grouped by distractors alone, high accuracy was found. These results indicate that perceptional grouping affects MOT performance by capturing attention, and that even one of distractors negatively affects MOT performance if it is grouped perceptually by targets.
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