로우스틸 마찰재의 마찰 및 마모특성에 미치는 구리계 재료의 영향
Effects of Copper and Copper-Alloy on Friction andWear Characteristics of Low-Steel Friction Material
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In this study, we investigated the effects of copper and copper-alloy on the frictional and wear properties of low-steel friction material. The proportions of copper and copper-alloy in the brake friction materials used in passenger cars are very high (approximately 5-20% weight), and these materials have significant effects on friction and wear characteristics. In this study, the effects of cupric ingredients, such as the copper fiber and brass fiber, are investigated using the friction materials based on commercial formulations. After the copper and brass fibers from the same formulation were removed, the frictional and wear characteristics were evaluated to determine the influence of the copper and copper-alloy. We evaluated the frictional and wear characteristics by simulating various braking conditions using a 1/5 scale dynamometer. The results show that the friction material containing copper and brass fibers have excellent frictional stability and a low wear rate compared to the friction material that does not contain copper and brass fibers. These results are attributed to the excellent ductility, moderate melting point, high strength, and excellent thermal conductivity of copper and copper-alloy. We analyzed the surfaces of the friction materials before and after the performing the friction tests using a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, confocal microscope, and roughness tester to verify the frictional behavior of copper and copper-alloy. In future studies, it will be applied to the development of copper-free friction materials based on the results of this study.
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of copper and copper-alloy on the frictional and wear properties of low-steel friction material. The proportions of copper and copper-alloy in the brake friction materials used in passenger cars are very high (approximately 5-20% weight), and these materials have significant effects on friction and wear characteristics. In this study, the effects of cupric ingredients, such as the copper fiber and brass fiber, are investigated using the friction materials based on commercial formulations. After the copper and brass fibers from the same formulation were removed, the frictional and wear characteristics were evaluated to determine the influence of the copper and copper-alloy. We evaluated the frictional and wear characteristics by simulating various braking conditions using a 1/5 scale dynamometer. The results show that the friction material containing copper and brass fibers have excellent frictional stability and a low wear rate compared to the friction material that does not contain copper and brass fibers. These results are attributed to the excellent ductility, moderate melting point, high strength, and excellent thermal conductivity of copper and copper-alloy. We analyzed the surfaces of the friction materials before and after the performing the friction tests using a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, confocal microscope, and roughness tester to verify the frictional behavior of copper and copper-alloy. In future studies, it will be applied to the development of copper-free friction materials based on the results of this study.
참고문헌 (23)
- 정광기, "자동차용 브레이크 마찰재에서 고망간강의 마찰 및 마모특성", 한국트라이볼로지학회지, 36(2), pp.88~95 (2020), 한국트라이볼로지학회[DOI]
- Influence of Particle Size of Graphite in Performance Properties of Friction Composites, "Kolluri, D.", SAE, ~, pp.SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-3967 (2007)
- Particle Size Effects of Tin Sulfides in Disc Brake Pads, "Faullant, P.", SAE, ~, pp.SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2591 (2002)
- Influence of Amount of Phenolic Resin on the Tribological Performance of Environment-Friendly Friction Materials, "Kalel, N.", SAE, ~, pp.SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-2105 (2019)
- Österle, W., "Chemical and Microstructural Changes Induced by Friction and Wear of Brakes", Wear, 251(1-12), pp.1469~1476 (2001)
- Analysis of Friction Coefficient Variation with Moisture between Friction Surface, "Akita, Y.", SAE, ~, pp.SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0411 (2016)
- Tadayoshi Matsumori, "Friction Coefficient Variation Mechanism under Wet Condition in Disk Brake (Variation Mechanism Contributing Wet Wear Debris)", SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, 9(3), pp.1227~1234 (2016), SAE International[DOI]
- Effect of Surrounding Atmospheres on Friction and Wear of Crystalline Graphite, "Hayashi, S.", SAE, ~, pp.SAE Technical Paper 881623 (1988)
- Gopal, P., "Fade and Wear Characteristics of a Glass-fiber-reinforced Phenolic Friction Material", Wear, 174(1-2), pp.119~127 (1994)
- Kim, S. J., "A Study of Binder Resins and Reinforcing Fibers in Automotive Friction Materials on Friction and Wear", Tribol. Lubr, 15(4), pp.314~320 (1999)[DOI]
- Kumar, M., "NAO Friction Materials with Various Metal Powders : Tribological Evaluation on Full-scale Inertia Dynamometer", Wear, 269(11-12), pp.826~837 (2010)
- Yuji, H., "Effects of Cu Powder, BaSO4 and Cashew Dust on the Wear and Friction Characteristics of Automotive Brake Pads", Tribol. Trans, 39(2), pp.346~353 (1996)
- Österle, W., "On the Role of Copper in Brake Friction Materials", Tribol. Int, 43(12), pp.2317~2326 (2010)
- Kukutschová, J., "Wear Mechanism in Automotive Brake Materials, Wear Debris and Its Potential Environmental Impact", Wear, 267(5-8), pp.807~817 (2009)
- Kukutschová, J., "On Airborne Nano", micro-sized Wear Particles Released from Low-metallic Automotive Brakes, 2011, pp.159(4), 998~1006
- Kumar, M., "Non-asbestos organic(NAO)Friction Composites : Role of Copper; Its Shape and Amount", Wear, 270(4), pp.269~280 (2011)
- Lee, P. W., "Friction and wear of Cu-free and Sb-free Environmental Friendly Automotive Brake Materials", Wear, 302(1-2), pp.1404~1413 (2013)
- Gilardi, R., "Copper Substitution and Noise Reduction in Brake Pads : Graphite Type Selection", Materials, 5(11), pp.2258~2269 (2012)
- Wallinder, I. O., "A Laboratory Study of Copper and Zinc Runoff During First Flush and Steady State Conditions", Corrosion Sci, 43(1), pp.127~146 (2001)
- Kramer, S. D., "ASTM Environmental Factor Affecting Atmosphere Corrosion of Copper", ASTM Symposium, Outdoor and Indoor Corrosion (2001)
- Wallinder, I. O., "Effects of Exposure Direction and Inclination on the Runoff Rates of Zinc and Copper Roofs", Corrosion Sci, 42(8), pp.1471~1487 (2000)
- Jowen, S., "Simultaneous Copper Runoff and Copper Surface Analysis in an Outdoor Area", Surf. Interface Anal, 30, pp.145~148 (2000)
- Kim, S., "The role of Copper on the Friction and Wear Performance of Automotive Brake Friction Materials", SAE Int. J. Mater. Manf, 5, pp.9~18 (2012)