시뮬레이션을 통한 BIPV 클래딩 시스템의 화재 확산 성능 분석

Abstract

The cavity behind photovoltaic (PV) modules can act as a conduit for flame and smoke in the event of a fire in a building-integrated PV (BIPV)-clad building. This is particularly problematic in vertically installed systems, where the stack effect accelerates the spread of fire and smoke. Fire-resistant structures are required to address these issues. However, conventional fire-resistance methods, such as filling the PV cavity with noncombustible materials, increases module temperatures and reduces electrical power generation. To overcome this challenge, a structural design is required that facilitates ventilation during normal operation while also providing fire resistance in case of a fire. We designed a structure featuring glass wool insulation and fire dampers placed in the rear cavity of a BIPV module. Simulation analyses were conducted to evaluate the fire spread performance of the proposed design with the integrated fire-resistant structure. The effectiveness of the fire-resistant model was compared with that of a basic model without a fire-resistant structure. The results revealed differences in the fire behavior between the models, particularly regarding the maximum temperature and the time required to reach it. The fire-resistant model more effectively reduced temperatures than the basic model, with external and Internal side of main wall and side wall temperatures that were 47, 255, and 402℃ lower, respectively. Furthermore, the time required to reach the maximum temperature was delayed by 459, 491, and 222 s in these areas, respectively. Also, the basic model failed and the fire-resistant model successfully met the fire safety standards.