Clinical Symptoms and Novel Dorsal Thoracic Lesions Associated with Deformed Wing Virus in Domestic Bombus spp.
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Deformed wing virus (DWV) threatens the performance and sustainability of managed bumblebees used for crop pollination. We investigated clinical signs, tissue-level lesions, and colony-level consequences of DWV in domestically reared bumblebees—primarily B. terrestris and additionally B. ignitus—using stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), conventional RT-PCR with DWV-F/DWV-R primers, and multiplex real-time PCR. All tested individuals yielded the expected ~710 bp DWV amplicon and/or positive real-time amplification. A stereotyped suite of deformities was documented, including complete or unilateral wing loss, twisted wing membranes, truncated legs, and a previously under-described dorsal thoracic depression accompanied by alopecia. SEM views revealed epicuticular delamination, empty setal sockets, and micro-fissures at lesion margins, consistent with dorsal flight-muscle degeneration during pupal development. These pathologies explain universal flight incapacity and predict depressed pollination efficiency. We propose figure-based diagnostics for field screening and outline biosecurity and mass-rearing practices to reduce DWV transmission in commercial operations.
Abstract
Deformed wing virus (DWV) threatens the performance and sustainability of managed bumblebees used for crop pollination. We investigated clinical signs, tissue-level lesions, and colony-level consequences of DWV in domestically reared bumblebees—primarily B. terrestris and additionally B. ignitus—using stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), conventional RT-PCR with DWV-F/DWV-R primers, and multiplex real-time PCR. All tested individuals yielded the expected ~710 bp DWV amplicon and/or positive real-time amplification. A stereotyped suite of deformities was documented, including complete or unilateral wing loss, twisted wing membranes, truncated legs, and a previously under-described dorsal thoracic depression accompanied by alopecia. SEM views revealed epicuticular delamination, empty setal sockets, and micro-fissures at lesion margins, consistent with dorsal flight-muscle degeneration during pupal development. These pathologies explain universal flight incapacity and predict depressed pollination efficiency. We propose figure-based diagnostics for field screening and outline biosecurity and mass-rearing practices to reduce DWV transmission in commercial operations.