Evaluation of 50 Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Genetic Resources for Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenol, and Flavonoid Contents
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In Korea, 340 silkworm genetic resources have been officially preserved and managed, providing broad genetic variation for standardized comparative evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess antioxidant properties in 50 silkworm genetic resources representing five phenotypes (marked, plain, zebra, mark-plain, and zebra-plain), based on DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, total polyphenol content(TPC), and total flavonoid content(TFC). Significant differences in DPPH and ABTS activities were observed among phenotypic groups (DPPH: 1.62–2.45 mg TE/g; ABTS: 14.11–22.93 mg TE/g), with ABTS values consistently exceeding DPPH values, suggesting that the antioxidant compounds in silkworm extracts are predominantly hydrophilic. The marked phenotype showed the highest mean TPC (55.12 ± 9.04 mg GAE/g) and TFC (11.66 ± 1.76 mg CE/g), compared with 45.03–51.93 mg GAE/g and 10.06–11.14 mg CE/g, respectively, in the other phenotypes. ABTS activity was strongly correlated with TPC (r ≈ 0.71, p < 0.0001) and moderately correlated with TFC (r ≈ 0.39, p < 0.01), whereas DPPH activity showed only weak or negative correlations with phenolic traits. These results show that compositional differences, including polyphenols, vary across phenotypes and lead to corresponding changes in antioxidant activity. They also provide basic comparative data for future functional evaluation and phenotype-based selection of silkworm genetic resources.
Abstract
In Korea, 340 silkworm genetic resources have been officially preserved and managed, providing broad genetic variation for standardized comparative evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess antioxidant properties in 50 silkworm genetic resources representing five phenotypes (marked, plain, zebra, mark-plain, and zebra-plain), based on DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, total polyphenol content(TPC), and total flavonoid content(TFC). Significant differences in DPPH and ABTS activities were observed among phenotypic groups (DPPH: 1.62–2.45 mg TE/g; ABTS: 14.11–22.93 mg TE/g), with ABTS values consistently exceeding DPPH values, suggesting that the antioxidant compounds in silkworm extracts are predominantly hydrophilic. The marked phenotype showed the highest mean TPC (55.12 ± 9.04 mg GAE/g) and TFC (11.66 ± 1.76 mg CE/g), compared with 45.03–51.93 mg GAE/g and 10.06–11.14 mg CE/g, respectively, in the other phenotypes. ABTS activity was strongly correlated with TPC (r ≈ 0.71, p < 0.0001) and moderately correlated with TFC (r ≈ 0.39, p < 0.01), whereas DPPH activity showed only weak or negative correlations with phenolic traits. These results show that compositional differences, including polyphenols, vary across phenotypes and lead to corresponding changes in antioxidant activity. They also provide basic comparative data for future functional evaluation and phenotype-based selection of silkworm genetic resources.