Tribological Properties of Polyamide-Imide Coatings Incorporated with Solid Lubricants
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In this study, the tribological behavior of polyamide-imide (PAI) coatings containing five different car bon based solid lubricants were explored. Graphite (5 wt%), activated carbon (3 wt%), carbon fiber (3 wt%), car bon nanotube (1 wt%), and graphene oxide (1 wt%) were separately incorporated into a PAI solution and spray coated onto stainless steel substrates. The coating samples were characterized using optical microscopy, pro filometry, contact angle measurements, and reciprocating tribological tests. Surface analysis revealed distinctive morphologies with roughness values of 3.58 and 5.67 μm for the samples GO-1 wt% and CF-3 wt%, respectively. The water contact angles of the samples AC-3 wt% and Graphite-5 wt% were 74.32° and 86.78°, respectively. The tribological evaluation of the samples revealed that Graphite-5 wt% exhibited the lowest friction coefficient (0.26), followed by CF-3 wt% (0.31) and AC-3 wt% (0.33), while both CNT-1 wt% and GO-1 wt% exhibited higher val ues (0.41). Wear track analysis indicated that AC-3 wt% and CF-3 wt% exhibited outstanding wear resistance with narrow tracks and few scratches, whereas GO-1 wt% exhibited the poorest performance with significant surface damage. The improved tribological properties of Graphite 5 wt% stemmed from the layered structure of graphite, which formed lubricious films, whereas the samples AC-3 wt% and CF-3 wt% benefited from particle distribution and mechanical reinforcement, respectively. Thus, the type of the solid lubricant used significantly influenced the coating performance, with graphite excelling in friction reduction and activated carbon and carbon fibers providing a better balance between friction and wear resistance compared with graphite. Thus, highly concentrated carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide would be required to achieve effective lubrication.
Abstract
In this study, the tribological behavior of polyamide-imide (PAI) coatings containing five different car bon based solid lubricants were explored. Graphite (5 wt%), activated carbon (3 wt%), carbon fiber (3 wt%), car bon nanotube (1 wt%), and graphene oxide (1 wt%) were separately incorporated into a PAI solution and spray coated onto stainless steel substrates. The coating samples were characterized using optical microscopy, pro filometry, contact angle measurements, and reciprocating tribological tests. Surface analysis revealed distinctive morphologies with roughness values of 3.58 and 5.67 μm for the samples GO-1 wt% and CF-3 wt%, respectively. The water contact angles of the samples AC-3 wt% and Graphite-5 wt% were 74.32° and 86.78°, respectively. The tribological evaluation of the samples revealed that Graphite-5 wt% exhibited the lowest friction coefficient (0.26), followed by CF-3 wt% (0.31) and AC-3 wt% (0.33), while both CNT-1 wt% and GO-1 wt% exhibited higher val ues (0.41). Wear track analysis indicated that AC-3 wt% and CF-3 wt% exhibited outstanding wear resistance with narrow tracks and few scratches, whereas GO-1 wt% exhibited the poorest performance with significant surface damage. The improved tribological properties of Graphite 5 wt% stemmed from the layered structure of graphite, which formed lubricious films, whereas the samples AC-3 wt% and CF-3 wt% benefited from particle distribution and mechanical reinforcement, respectively. Thus, the type of the solid lubricant used significantly influenced the coating performance, with graphite excelling in friction reduction and activated carbon and carbon fibers providing a better balance between friction and wear resistance compared with graphite. Thus, highly concentrated carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide would be required to achieve effective lubrication.