브라인 재가열을 이용한 증발식 해수담수화설비의 성능개선
Performance improvement of thermal seawater desalination process using brine reheating
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증발식 해수담수화설비는 타방식에 비해 담수생산을 위한 에너지소비가 매우 크기 때문에 공정개선을 통해 에너지를 절감하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 중동지역에 이미 설치되어 운전 중인 대용량의 다단플래싱방식의 증발식 해수담수화공정을 대상으로 에너지절감방안을 제안하고 있다. 다단플래싱방식에서는 전단에서 증발하고 남은 브라인이 전단보다 낮은 온도와 압력으로 운전되는 후단으로 이송되어 단계적으로 증발하는 방식을 취하는데, 본 연구에서는 전단에서 후단으로 넘어가는 브라인의 일부를 최전단의 증발기로 공급되는 브라인 온도까지 재가열 후에 후단 혹은차후단으로 공급하는 공정개선을 통해 에너지절감을 달성하였다. 본 연구의 계산결과에 따르면 현재 운전 중인 다단플래싱방식의 해수담수화플랜트에 브라인 재가열방식을 적용하는 경우 담수 1 kg을 생산하는데 필요한 비에너지를 최대약 5 %까지 절감할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
As thermal seawater desalination requires a fairly large amount of energy to produce freshwater compared with other processes, it is very important to reduce energy consumption through the improvement of a process. This paper proposes a method to reduce energy consumption for multistage flashing desalination (MSF) plants, which currently operate mainly in the Middle East region. In the MSF process, the brine that has not been evaporated in the preceding stage is supplied to the next stage; this supplied brine is evaporated in the next stage at lower pressure and temperature conditions. This process is continued from the first stage to the last stage. In this study, the energy consumption could be reduced by reheating the brine to the top brine temperature (TBT) and by transferring a part of brine to the stage following the next stage, or by reheating the brine supplied to the next stage up to the TBT. According to the calculation results, the specific energy required to produce 1 kg of freshwater can be reduced by up to approximately 5 % if the proposed brine reheating method is applied to MSF plants that are currently in operation.
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