Kinetics Rate Characteristics of Reformate Gas in a Reformer for Hydrogen Production
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The mechanism of a water–gas shift (WGS) reactor design was analyzed to produce hydrogen using part of the boil-off gas (BOG) generated from liquefied natural gas (LNG) used as fuel in propulsion ships, and to produce propulsion power for the ships by utilizing the produced hydrogen in fuel cells. Methane, which is the main component of LNG, can be used to produce hydrogen through a high-temperature steam–methane reforming (SMR) reaction. However, in the SMR reactor, carbon monoxide is generated as a byproduct, which can cause catalyst poisoning, which in turn causes the shift reaction rate to decrease. To prevent the reforming reaction from being inhibited by carbon monoxide, the WGS reaction can be employed to convert it into carbon dioxide, which can then be collected using a carbon capture system device to prevent air pollution. In this study, the reaction results of SMR using methane as a fuel and the effect of process variables on the WGS reaction, such as temperature, pressure, and S/C ratio, were predicted using Microsoft Excel and MATLAB. The predictions focused on the methane and carbon monoxide conversions as functions of the lengths of the SMR and WGS reactors. In the WGS reactor, when the S/C ratio ranged from 2 to 6, the CO conversion increased as the S/C ratio decreased, but the conversion values differed by less than 4%. Furthermore, as the temperature decreased and the pressure increased, the CO conversion increased, and as the temperature and pressure increased, the required length of the WGS reactor decreased. However, the CO conversion that reached equilibrium increased as the temperature decreased and the pressure increased; therefore, increasing the pressure of the WGS reactor can achieve a high CO conversion rate with a short WGS reactor length. Based on these results, further research can be conducted to suitably design reactors for installation on maritime vessels.
Abstract
The mechanism of a water–gas shift (WGS) reactor design was analyzed to produce hydrogen using part of the boil-off gas (BOG) generated from liquefied natural gas (LNG) used as fuel in propulsion ships, and to produce propulsion power for the ships by utilizing the produced hydrogen in fuel cells. Methane, which is the main component of LNG, can be used to produce hydrogen through a high-temperature steam–methane reforming (SMR) reaction. However, in the SMR reactor, carbon monoxide is generated as a byproduct, which can cause catalyst poisoning, which in turn causes the shift reaction rate to decrease. To prevent the reforming reaction from being inhibited by carbon monoxide, the WGS reaction can be employed to convert it into carbon dioxide, which can then be collected using a carbon capture system device to prevent air pollution. In this study, the reaction results of SMR using methane as a fuel and the effect of process variables on the WGS reaction, such as temperature, pressure, and S/C ratio, were predicted using Microsoft Excel and MATLAB. The predictions focused on the methane and carbon monoxide conversions as functions of the lengths of the SMR and WGS reactors. In the WGS reactor, when the S/C ratio ranged from 2 to 6, the CO conversion increased as the S/C ratio decreased, but the conversion values differed by less than 4%. Furthermore, as the temperature decreased and the pressure increased, the CO conversion increased, and as the temperature and pressure increased, the required length of the WGS reactor decreased. However, the CO conversion that reached equilibrium increased as the temperature decreased and the pressure increased; therefore, increasing the pressure of the WGS reactor can achieve a high CO conversion rate with a short WGS reactor length. Based on these results, further research can be conducted to suitably design reactors for installation on maritime vessels.
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