Optimizing fuel injection timing: Investigating the effects of injection timing on combustion performance and emission characteristics of high and low sulfur fuels in a diesel engine
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Owing to environmental considerations, there is an increased interest in the Maritime Industry in regulating sulfur oxide emissions and maintaining engine performance. This necessitates installing exhaust gas cleaning systems onboard ships that are costly or use alternative fuels and low-sulfur marine fuels under 0.50%, as set by the International Maritime Organization. In addition, injection timing optimization greatly influences the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines. Hence, this study investigates the effects of combining high-sulfur, low-sulfur, and ultra-low-sulfur fuels with fuel injection timing using a 3D simulation model from AVL FIRE R2022a while maintaining constant initial and boundary conditions. The results show that the use of light marine diesel fuel oil and Diesel-EN590 causes an increase in the in-cylinder temperature and pressure compared to heavy fuel oil. Moreover, the results show a significant decrease in emissions, especially soot emissions, and a slight decrease in NOx and CO2 emissions. Advanced injection timing results in increased peak pressure and in-cylinder temperature. Considering the emission characteristics, the optimal injection timing of 15CAD promotes CO2 reduction, whereas 10CAD promotes NOx emission reduction, although slight variations existed. Therefore, this research strategy effectively improves the engine performance and reduces emissions, thereby mitigating energy and environmental crises.
Abstract
Owing to environmental considerations, there is an increased interest in the Maritime Industry in regulating sulfur oxide emissions and maintaining engine performance. This necessitates installing exhaust gas cleaning systems onboard ships that are costly or use alternative fuels and low-sulfur marine fuels under 0.50%, as set by the International Maritime Organization. In addition, injection timing optimization greatly influences the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines. Hence, this study investigates the effects of combining high-sulfur, low-sulfur, and ultra-low-sulfur fuels with fuel injection timing using a 3D simulation model from AVL FIRE R2022a while maintaining constant initial and boundary conditions. The results show that the use of light marine diesel fuel oil and Diesel-EN590 causes an increase in the in-cylinder temperature and pressure compared to heavy fuel oil. Moreover, the results show a significant decrease in emissions, especially soot emissions, and a slight decrease in NOx and CO2 emissions. Advanced injection timing results in increased peak pressure and in-cylinder temperature. Considering the emission characteristics, the optimal injection timing of 15CAD promotes CO2 reduction, whereas 10CAD promotes NOx emission reduction, although slight variations existed. Therefore, this research strategy effectively improves the engine performance and reduces emissions, thereby mitigating energy and environmental crises.
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