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논문KCI 등재

1996년-2004년 서울 지역 한 의료기관에서의 일차성 면역결핍증 환자에 관한 임상 분석

A Clinical Study of Primary Immunodeficiency Disease in aSingle Center in Seoul from 1996 to 2004

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참고문헌

주제분류소아과학

초록

목 적 : 일차성 면역 결핍증은 소아기, 특히 영아기에 잦은 감염을 일으키며 이로 인해 성장 및 발달 지연과 사망을 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 지난 9년간 삼성서울병원 소아과에서 진단된 일차성 면역 결핍증 환자들을 대상으로 질환의 분포, 임상 양상, 유전자 변이, 치료 및 경과에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 삼성서울병원 소아과에서 일차성 면역 결핍증으로 진단된 15례의 환자를 대상으로 진단, 임상 양상, 치료, 예후에 관하여 병록지를 고찰함으로써 후향적으로 연구하였다. 결 과 : 15례중 7례가 분류 불능형 면역 결핍증, 3례가 반성 유전성 저감마글로불린증, 2례가 중증 복합 면역 결핍증, 그리고 선택적 IgA 결핍증, 고 Ig M 증후군, 만성 육아종 질환이 각각 1례였다. 일차성 면역 결핍증이 진단될 당시의 연령은 4개월에서 17세 5개월까지 분포 되어있었으며 평균 연령은 6.1±5.5세,중앙 연령은 5세였다. 성별은 여아가 4명, 남아가 11명으로 남아의 비율이 높았다. 입원당시 진단은 폐렴이 11명이었고 폐렴 진단 환아 중 4명은 기관지 확장증이 동반되었다. 이 외에 폐결핵 1례, 세균성 관절염 1례, 항문 주위 농양 1례, 세균성 뇌수막염이 1례였다. 치료는 선택적 IgA 결핍증과 만성 육아종성 질환을 제외하고는 면역 글로불린 치료를 하고있으며 고 IgM 증후군1례와 중증 면역 결핍증 2례에서 동종 골수이식을 시행하였고 고 IgM 증후군 1례는 이식 후 합병증으로 사망하였다. 결 론:최근 면역학과 분자 생물학 분야의 성장으로 면역 체계에 대한 지식의 증가하여 면역 질환의 진단과 치료가 발전하고 있다. 일차성 면역결핍증의 경우 조기 진단으로 적절한 치료를 함으로써 완치 또는 정상적인 생활이 가능하므로 임상의의 관심과 진단 노력이 필요하다.

Abstract

Purpose : Although primary immunodeficiency disorders are relatively rare, early diagnosis provides the opportunity to reduce morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate disease distribution, clinical manifestations, genetic mutation, treatment and prognosis of primary immunodeficiency disorders of childhood. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 15 cases with primary immunodeficiency disorders between 1996 and 2004 in Samsung Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Results : The most common primary immunodeficiency was common variable immunodeficiency(CVID)(n=7), followed by X-linked agammaglobulinemia(XLA)(n=3), severe combined immunodeficiency(SCID)(n=2), hyper IgM syndrome(n=1), selective IgA deficiency(n=1), and chronic granulomatous disease(CGD)(n=1). Most cases had recurrent infections such as otitis media, bacterial pneumonia, sinusitis and other respiratory infections during infancy. The age at diagnosis ranged from 4 months to 17 years with a median age of 5 years. The male to female ratio was 11 to 4. Eleven patients were diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency diseases following respiratory infection, while the other 4 patients had pulmonary tuberculosis, perianal abscess, bacterial meningitis, septic arthritis. All the patients with XLA and CVID were regularly treated with IVIG. Two cases of SCID underwent successful bone marrow transplantation without complications. The patients with hyper IgM syndrome died due to severe infection even after bone marrow transplantation. Conclusion : Fifteen variable cases of primary immunodeficiency were diagnosed during 9 years. A high index of suspicion is required in children with recurrent or severe infections for the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency, because early diagnosis and treatment can reduce mortality and morbidity.

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