Mycoplasma pneumoniae 감염의 진단을 위한혈청학 검사, 중합효소 연쇄반응법, 배양법의 비교
Comparison of PCR, Culture and Serologic Tests forDiagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection
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목 적 : M. pneumoniae의 진단법으로 간편하고 검사 결과가 신속한 특이 항체 검사를 이용해 왔으나 초회 1회 검사시 높은 항체가에 대한 양성 기준이 아직 확실하지 않다. 저자들은 혈청학적 검사와 배양법, 중합효소연쇄반응법을 시행하여 민감도와 특이도를 비교하고 M. pneumoniae 감염의 진단을 위한 단일 항체가를 구하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다.방 법 : 2002년 11월부터 2003년 7월까지 본원에 입원하였던 만 3세에서 11세 사이의 환아 중 사회획득성 폐렴 소견을 보인 환아 73명을 대상으로 하였다. 항체가의 측정은 indirect particle agglutination test(Serodia-Myco II; Fujirebio, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하였고 입원 5-10일 후 항체 검사를 재시행하여 항체가가 4배 이상 증가한 경우 M. pneumoniae 폐렴이라고 진단하였다. 배양과 중합효소연쇄반응을 위해 모든 환자의 비인두로부터 가검물을 채취하였다. 결 과 : 73명 중 41명(56%)이 항체가가 4배 이상 증가하여 M. pneumoniae 폐렴으로 진단되었다. 중합효소연쇄반응 양성자는 33명으로 민감도는 80.5%, 특이도는 90.6%이었고, 24명에서 균이 배양되어 배양법의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 59%, 100%이었다. Receiver operation characteristic curve를 이용하였을 때 항체가가 1 : 160 이상일 때 1 : 80 이하 군에 비해 중합효소연쇄반응 검사의 민감도와 특이도가 각각 61 %, 68%로 유의하게 높았다.(P=0.035) 항체가와 배양법 사이의 유의한 상관관계는 없었다.결 론:중합효소연쇄반응은 비교적 높은 민감도와 특이도를 가지는 진단적 방법으로 급성기에 조기 진단을 가능케 한다. 폐렴 증상을 보이는 환아에서 급성기의 단일 항체가가 1:160 이상일 때 M. pneumoniae 감염을 의심하여 치료를 시작할 수 있고 중합효소연쇄반응법을 병행할 경우 보다 민감도를 높일 수 있을 것이다
Abstract
Purpose : For diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, serological diagnosis, which is simple and rapid method, is uncertain to determine the reliable single serum titers. We compared serologic test, culture and polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and evaluated the reliable single titers of the specific serum antibody determination method for diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection. Methods : We included 73 pneumonic children between 3-11 years who were admitted to the pediatric department of St. Benedict hospital between November 2002 and July 2003. We used indirect particle agglutination test(Serodia-Myco II; Fujirebio, Tokyo, Japan) and serum specimens were obtained on admission and after 5-10 days. Fourfold rise of Mycoplasma antibody titers was considered as M. pneumoniae infection. We collected the throat swabs from all of the participants for culture and PCR. Results : Of 73 patients, 41 patients met the diagnostic criteria by serologic test. PCR for M. pneumoniae was positive for 33 patients, sensitivity 80.5%, specificity 90.6%. M. pneumoniae was cultured from 24 patients, sensitivity 59%, specificity 100%. When cut-off was set at a titer of ≥1 : 160, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR were significantly higher(61 % vs 68%) by receiver operation characteristic curve.(P=0.035) There was no correlation between culture method and Mycoplasma Ab titer. Conclusion : PCR is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic method and enough to allow for early diagnosis in the acute phase. The single Mycoplasma Ab titer ≥1 : 160 in child with respiratory symptoms is considered as M. pneumoniae infection and would be more sensitive, when combined with PCR.
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