2005년 경기도 일산 지역 초등학생의 알레르기 질환 유병률 및 환경변화에 따른 증상 변화
Prevalence of Allergic Diseases among Primary School Children in Ilsan, Gyeonggi and Changes of Symptoms After Environmental Control in 2005
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목 적 : 식생활과 주거 환경이 서구화되면서 국내에도 천식과 아토피의 유병률이 증가하고 있다. 경기도 일산 지역의 경우 신도시의 특성상 농촌 환경과 도시 환경이 함께 분포하고 있으며, 유입인구의 변화가 많다. 본 저자들은 일산 지역 초등 학생들을 대상으로 천식과 아토피의 유병률을 조사하고 환경변화에 따른 증상의 변화가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 4월에 일산 지역 3개 초등학교 2,745명을 대상으로 환경 변화에 대한 질문을 추가한 ISAAC 설문지를 통하여 천식, 알레르기 비염, 아토피피부염 및 알레르기 질환의 유병률을 알아보고, 환경 변화에 따른 증상 변화를 추가로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 2,543명이 설문에 응답하였다. 흔한 알레르기 증상은 비염 증상(43.0%), 아토피피부염 증상(24.5%), 안구 증상(19.7%), 천명(18.2%) 순이었다. 거주 형태나 거주 지역 주변 환경에 따른 알레르기 질환의 유병률 차이에 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 1,419명이 2년 이내에 이사를 하거나 거주하는 실내 환경에 변화를 경험하였으며, 그 중 352명(24.8%)에서 증상의 변화가 있었다.(OR= 2.76, CI=2.17-3.28, P=0.001) 특히 단독 주택에서 아파트로 이사한 어린이들에서 증상의 변화가 가장 많았다.(P=0.022) 결 론 : 설문 조사 결과 2005년 현재 경기도 일산 지역 초등학생의 천식 및 기타 알레르기 질환의 유병률이 2000년도의 국내 조사 결과보다 높게 나타났으며, 2005년 서울 지역을 대상으로 한 조사와 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 그리고 일산 지역 초등학생들에서 환경 변화에 따른 알레르기 증상의 변화가 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and allergic conjunctivitis among primary school pupils in Ilsan, Gyeonggi province. We also investigated change of symptoms after environmental control. Methods : In April 2005, a cross-sectional study was performed among 2,745 1st to 6th graders of 3 primary schools in Ilsan, Gyeonggi province. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) standardized questionnaires and additional questionnaires about environmental changes were distributed to their parents. Results : Data were collected from 2,535 children (1,279 boys and 1,256 girls). The most common allergic symptom was rhinorrhea (43.0%), and atopic skin lesions, ocular lesions and wheezing were 24.5%, 19.7% and 18.2%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between allergic diseases and environmental status. One thousand four hundred nineteen children moved to a new place or had new interior decorations within the last 2 years. Of these children, 352 (24.8%) had allergic symptoms(OR=2.76, CI= 1.96-3.41, P=0.001). Interestingly, we found that children who had moved into apartments experienced more symptom changes than those who had not (P=0.022). Conclusion : The results of this study demonstrated that the prevalence of allergic conditions in primary school children in Ilsan, Gyeonggi province in 2005 was higher than those of nation-wide studies in 2000. We found the results of our study is similar to those of Seoul in 2005. We found a significant relationship between environmental status and changes of symptoms in primary school children in Ilsan, Gyeonggi province.
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