소아 천식 환자에서 메타콜린 기도과민성과 최대호기유속 변동률간의 상관관계
Correlation between Methacholine Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness and Peak Expiratory Flow Variability in Children with Asthma
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목 적 : 메타콜린 기도과민성과 최대호기유속 변동률의 증가는 천식 환자에서 관찰되는 특징적인 소견이다. 천식 환자에서 최대호기유속 변동률과 메타콜린 기도과민성의 관련성에 대해 국내의 연구가 별로 이루어져 있지 않아 본 연구에서는 최대호기유속 변동률과 메타콜린 기도과민성의 관련성 및 최대호기유속 변동률을 나타내는 지표중 어떤 지표가 메타콜린 기도과민성과 상관관계가 가장 좋은지에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 7월부터 2005년 4월까지 경증 천식 및 중등도 천식으로 진단받은 환아 73명을 대상으로 메타콜린 기관지 유발 검사와 기관지 확장제 사용 전후의 최대호기유속 기록을 시행하였다. 메타콜린 기관지 유발 검사에 대한 반응은 메타콜린 PC20로 나타내었으며 최대호기유속 기록은 기관지 확장제 사용 전후로 시행하였고 오전과 오후 하루 2회로 2주일간 측정하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아 중 남아 54명, 여아가 19명이었으며 평균연령은 10.8세로 대상 환아들의 메타콜린 PC20 기하평균은 1.7 mg/mL였다. postbronchodilator amp%mean(postBD amp%mean) 의 평균값은 17.4%였고 메타콜린 기도과민성과의 상관계수는 r=-0.42, P<0.001였다. 또한 standard deviation%mean(SD%mean)의 평균값은 7.6%, 메타콜린 기도과민성과의 상관계수는 r=-0.45, P<0.001였다. 결 론 : 메타콜린 기도과민성과 최대호기유속 변동률 지표들 간에는 유의하지만 약한 상관관계가 있으며 여러 지표들 중 SD%mean이 가장 강한 연관성을 보였다. 그러나 postBD amp% mean이 SD%mean과 유사한 상관계수를 보이면서 보다 계산이 쉽고 간단하며 직관적으로 알기 쉬우므로 최대호기유속 변동률을 나타내는 가장 좋은 지표로 생각된다. 그리고 메타콜린 유발 검사와 최대호기유속 변동률 측정은 서로 연관성은 있으나 그 정도가 약하여 기도과민성의 서로 다른 측면을 반영하는 검사 방법으로 추측된다.
Abstract
Purpose : Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine and exaggerated peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability are hallmarks of asthma. The aims of our study were to evaluate the relationship between PEF variability and BHR to methacholine and which PEF index correlates best with BHR to methacholine. Methods : Methacholine challenge test was performed in 73 children having mild to moderate asthma. Those subjects recorded PEF morning and evening before and after bronchodilator for 2 weeks. The response to methacholine challenge was measured by PC20 (provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1), and seven different PEF variability indices(including prebrochodilator amplitude%mean, postbronchodilator amplitude%mean, standard deviation%mean) were calculated. Results : Geometric mean of methacholine PC20 was 1.7 mg/mL. All PEF variability indices were associated with BHR to methacholine. Among PEF variability indices, two indices showed the best correlation with BHR to methacholine: standard deviation%mean (r=-0.45, P<0.001) and postbronchodilator amplitude%mean (r=-0.42, P<0.001). Conclusion : Standard deviation%mean provided the strongest correlation with BHR to methacholine. Meanwhile, postbronchodilator amplitude%mean which is counted easily and is more intuitively visualized manifested similar correlation as standard deviation%mean. Methacholine challenge test and PEF variability were correlated significantly but weakly; therefore we supposed that they do not reflect the same pathophysiological process in the airways.
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