분만 방법이 소아 천식의 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있는가?
Is Mode of Delivery Associated with an Increased Risk for Childhood Asthma?
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Under the hygiene hypothesis, children born by cesarean section (CS) may consequently have an increased risk of asthma and other allergic diseases. CS has been shown to have a delayed and altered development in establishment of gut flora and altered cytokine production. Concerns about the relations between CS and the risk of children's asthma are rising due to the growing number of CS performed in many countries. However, finding the concrete evidence to correlate CS with higher risk of asthma is still controversial. There were significant covariate imbalance between groups of children born by CS vs. vaginal delivery that include the number of maternal age, gestational age, birth weight, complication during pregnancy, complication during labor, socioeconomic status, a parental history of atopy, and maternal smoking history. And there were considerable heterogeneity in methods and study subjects between the studies of delivery by CS and the offspring's risk of asthma and other allergic diseases. Therefore, as we proceed into the further study, researchers must refer to the literatures and look for the best way proving their hypothesis that are based on the methodological subject group. Of which should be accordance with the research purposes. Also, researchers have to search for identifying the core biological mechanism in order to know whether there is a causal relationship exists between the CS and asthma.
Abstract
Under the hygiene hypothesis, children born by cesarean section (CS) may consequently have an increased risk of asthma and other allergic diseases. CS has been shown to have a delayed and altered development in establishment of gut flora and altered cytokine production. Concerns about the relations between CS and the risk of children's asthma are rising due to the growing number of CS performed in many countries. However, finding the concrete evidence to correlate CS with higher risk of asthma is still controversial. There were significant covariate imbalance between groups of children born by CS vs. vaginal delivery that include the number of maternal age, gestational age, birth weight, complication during pregnancy, complication during labor, socioeconomic status, a parental history of atopy, and maternal smoking history. And there were considerable heterogeneity in methods and study subjects between the studies of delivery by CS and the offspring's risk of asthma and other allergic diseases. Therefore, as we proceed into the further study, researchers must refer to the literatures and look for the best way proving their hypothesis that are based on the methodological subject group. Of which should be accordance with the research purposes. Also, researchers have to search for identifying the core biological mechanism in order to know whether there is a causal relationship exists between the CS and asthma.
참고문헌 (69)
- Magnus MC, "Delivery by cesarean section and early childhood respiratory symptoms and disorders: the norwegian mother and child cohort study", Am J Epidemiol, 174, pp.1275~1285 (2011)
- Tollånes MC, "Cesarean section and risk of severe childhood asthma: a population-based cohort study", J Pediatr, 153, pp.112~116 (2008)
- Eggesbø M, "Is delivery by cesarean section a risk factor for food allergy", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 112, pp.420~426 (2003)
- Annesi-Maesano I, "In utero and perinatal complications preceding asthma", Allergy, 56, pp.491~497 (2001)
- Magnus P, "Secular trend in the occurrence of asthma among children and young adults: critical appraisal of repeated cross sectional surveys", BMJ, 314, pp.1795~1799 (1997)
- Hamilton BE, "Births: preliminary data for 2003", Natl Vital Stat Rep, 53, pp.1~17 (2004)
- Arias E, "Annual summary of vital statistics--2002", Pediatrics, 112(6 Pt 1), pp.1215~1230 (2003)
- Porreco RP, "The cesarean birth epidemic: trends, causes, and solutions", Am J Obstet Gynecol, 175, pp.369~374 (1996)
- Hamilton BE, "Birth: preliminary data for 2006", Natl Vital Stat Rep, 56, pp.1~18 (2007)
- Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, "2007 Annual report on the appropriacy of the caesarean section delivery" (2008), Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service
- Strachan DP, "Hay fever, hygiene, and household size", BMJ, 299, pp.1259~1260 (1989)
- Malamitsi-Puchner A, "The influence of the mode of delivery on circulating cytokine concentrations in the perinatal period", Early Hum Dev, 81, pp.387~392 (2005)
- Al-Kubaisy W, "Risk factors for asthma among primary school children in Baghdad, Iraq", Saudi Med J, 26, pp.460~466 (2005)
- Bager P, "Mode of delivery and risk of allergic rhinitis and asthma", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 111, pp.51~56 (2003)
- Calvani M, "Infectious and uterus related complications during pregnancy and development of atopic and nonatopic asthma in children", Allergy, 59, pp.99~106 (2004)
- Debley JS, "Childhood asthma hospitalization risk after cesarean delivery in former term and premature infants", Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 94, pp.228~233 (2005)
- Gessner BD, "Asthma is associated with preterm birth but not with small for gestational age status among a population-based cohort of Medicaid-enrolled children ˂10 years of age", Thorax, 62, pp.231~236 (2007)
- Hagendorens MM, "Perinatal risk factors for sensitization, atopic dermatitis and wheezing during the first year of life (PIPO study)", Clin Exp Allergy, 35, pp.733~740 (2005)
- Håkansson S, "Caesarean section increases the risk of hospital care in childhood for asthma and gastroenteritis", Clin Exp Allergy, 33, pp.757~764 (2003)
- Juhn YJ, "Mode of delivery at birth and development of asthma: a population-based cohort study", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 116, pp.510~516 (2005)
- Kero J, "Mode of delivery and asthma -- is there a connection", Pediatr Res, 52, pp.6~11 (2002)
- "J Allergy Clin Immu", 2011, AB80~
- Maitra A, "Mode of delivery is not associated with asthma or atopy in childhood", Clin Exp Allergy, 34, pp.1349~1355 (2004)
- McKeever TM, "Mode of delivery and risk of developing allergic disease", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 109, pp.800~802 (2002)
- Menezes AM, "Caesarean sections and risk of wheezing in childhood and adolescence: data from two birth cohort studies in Brazil", Clin Exp Allergy, 41, pp.218~223 (2011)
- Montgomery SM, "The initial care of newborn infants and subsequent hay fever", Allergy, 55, pp.916~922 (2000)
- Nafstad P, "Risk of childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis in relation to pregnancy complications", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 106, pp.867~873 (2000)
- Negele K, "Mode of delivery and development of atopic disease during the first 2 years of life", Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 15, pp.48~54 (2004)
- Oliveti JF, "Pre- and perinatal risk factors for asthma in inner city African-American children", Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp.570~577 (1996)
- 손명현, "Relationship between mode of delivery in childbirth and prevalence of allergic diseases in Korean children", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 2(1), pp.28~33 (2010), 대한천식알레르기학회
- O'Connor EA, "Caesarean section delivery and the risk of allergic disorders in childhood", Clin Exp Allergy, 35, pp.1466~1472 (2005)
- Roduit C, "Asthma at 8 years of age in children born by caesarean section", Thorax, 64, pp.107~113 (2009)
- Rusconi F, "Maternal complications and procedures in pregnancy and at birth and wheezing phenotypes in children", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 175, pp.16~21 (2007)
- Salam MT, "Mode of delivery is associated with asthma and allergy occurrences in children", Ann Epidemiol, 16, pp.341~346 (2006)
- Sugiyama M, "Early-life risk factors for occurrence of atopic dermatitis during the first year", Pediatrics, 119, pp.e716~23 (2007)
- Xu B, "Caesarean section and risk of asthma and allergy in adulthood", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 107, pp.732~733 (2001)
- Xu B, "Obstetric complications and asthma in childhood", J Asthma, 37, pp.589~594 (2000)
- Metsälä J, "Perinatal factors and the risk of asthma in childhood--a population-based register study in Finland", Am J Epidemiol, 168, pp.170~178 (2008)
- van Beijsterveldt TC, "Asthma and mode of birth delivery: a study in 5-year- old Dutch twins", Twin Res Hum Genet, 11, pp.156~160 (2008)
- Vonk JM, "Perinatal risk factors for bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy after a follow-up of 20 years", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 114, pp.270~276 (2004)
- Bernsen RM, "Perinatal characteristics and obstetric complications as risk factors for asthma, allergy and eczema at the age of 6 years", Clin Exp Allergy, 35, pp.1135~1140 (2005)
- Werner A, "Caesarean delivery and risk of developing asthma in the offspring", Acta Paediatr, 96, pp.595~596 (2007)
- Smith GC, "Neonatal respiratory morbidity at term and the risk of childhood asthma", Arch Dis Child, 89, pp.956~960 (2004)
- Benn CS, "Maternal vaginal microflora during pregnancy and the risk of asthma hospitalization and use of antiasthma medication in early childhood", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 110, pp.72~77 (2002)
- 이용주, "분만 방법이 소아 알레르기질환의 유병률에 미치는 영향", 대한소아알레르기및호흡기학회지, 21(3), pp.197~206 (2011), 대한 소아알레르기 호흡기학회
- Thavagnanam S, "A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma", Clin Exp Allergy, 38, pp.629~633 (2008)
- Bager P, "Caesarean delivery and risk of atopy and allergic disease: meta-analyses", Clin Exp Allergy, 38, pp.634~642 (2008)
- Bergholt T, "Danish obstetricians' personal preference and general attitude to elective cesarean section on maternal request: a nation-wide postal survey", Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 83, pp.262~266 (2004)
- van den Berg A, "Neonatal respiratory morbidity following elective caesarean section in term infants. A 5-year retrospective study and a review of the literature", Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 98, pp.9~13 (2001)
- Tita AT, "Timing of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term and neonatal outcomes", N Engl J Med, 360, pp.111~120 (2009)
- Cardwell CR, "Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies", Diabetologia, 51, pp.726~735 (2008)
- Bluhm E, McNeil DE, "Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for neuroblastoma", Int J Cancer, 123, pp.2885~2890 (2008)
- Kaye SA, "Maternal reproductive history and birth characteristics in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia", Cancer, 68, pp.1351~1355 (1991)
- Cnattingius S, "Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for childhood myeloid leukemia", Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 4, pp.441~445 (1995)
- Neu J, "Cesarean versus vaginal delivery: long-term infant outcomes and the hygiene hypothesis", Clin Perinatol, 38, pp.321~331 (2011)
- Birnkrant DJ, "Association of transient tachypnea of the newborn and childhood asthma", Pediatr Pulmonol, 41, pp.978~984 (2006)
- Levine EM, "Mode of delivery and risk of respiratory diseases in newborns", Obstet Gynecol, 97, pp.439~442 (2001)
- Björkstén B, "Effects of intestinal microflora and the environment on the development of asthma and allergy", Springer Semin Immunopathol, 25, pp.257~270 (2004)
- Grönlund MM, "Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after cesarean delivery", J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 28, pp.19~25 (1999)
- Salminen S, "Influence of mode of delivery on gut microbiota composition in seven year old children", Gut, 53, pp.1388~1389 (2004)
- Hällström M, "Effects of mode of delivery and necrotising enterocolitis on the intestinal microflora in preterm infants", Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 23, pp.463~470 (2004)
- Dewey KG, "Risk factors for suboptimal infant breastfeeding behavior, delayed onset of lactation, and excess neonatal weight loss", Pediatrics, 112(3 Pt 1), pp.607~619 (2003)
- Evans KC, "Effect of caesarean section on breast milk transfer to the normal term newborn over the first week of life", Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 88, pp.F380~2 (2003)
- Welberg LA, "Prenatal stress, glucocorticoids and the programming of the brain", J Neuroendocrinol, 13, pp.113~128 (2001)
- Schlinzig T, "Epigenetic modulation at birth - altered DNA-methylation in white blood cells after Caesarean section", Acta Paediatr, 98, pp.1096~1099 (2009)
- Gdalevich M, "Breast- feeding and the risk of bronchial asthma in childhood: a systematic review with meta-analysis of prospective studies", J Pediatr, 139, pp.261~266 (2001)
- Joad JP, "Smoking and pediatric respiratory health", Clin Chest Med, 21, pp.37~46 (2000)
- Rebelo F, "High cesarean prevalence in a national population-based study in Brazil: the role of private practice", Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 89, pp.903~908 (2010)
- Dominguez-Bello MG, "Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, pp.11971~11975 (2010)