Metabolomic Analysis of Daphnia magna Exposed to Fluoxetine Using HR-MAS NMR
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Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), enhances serotonin levels in synapses to alleviate depressive symptoms. This study investigates the effects of fluoxetine on the aquatic organism Daphnia magna (D. magna), known for its environmental sensitivity. D. magna was exposed to 100 µg/L of fluoxetine for 72 hours, and metabolomic changes were examined using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR. A total of twenty-eight metabolites were identified. Compared to the control group, fluoxetine exposure resulted in decreased levels of phenylalanine and increased levels of sn-glycero- 3-phosphocholine, inosine, proline, carnosine, and tryptophan.
Abstract
Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), enhances serotonin levels in synapses to alleviate depressive symptoms. This study investigates the effects of fluoxetine on the aquatic organism Daphnia magna (D. magna), known for its environmental sensitivity. D. magna was exposed to 100 µg/L of fluoxetine for 72 hours, and metabolomic changes were examined using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR. A total of twenty-eight metabolites were identified. Compared to the control group, fluoxetine exposure resulted in decreased levels of phenylalanine and increased levels of sn-glycero- 3-phosphocholine, inosine, proline, carnosine, and tryptophan.
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