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인지자본주의 시대의 교육 담론에 대한 비판적 고찰

A critical review of the discourses on education under the cognitive capitalism

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주제분류교육학

초록

최근 과학기술 및 정보통신기술의 급격한 발달은 자본주의적 생산관계를 물질 노동보다는비물질(아이디어, 지식, 정보 등)적 인지적 노동에 크게 의존하는 구조로 변화시켰다. 더욱이최근의 저출산의 지속과 경쟁의 심화는 노동력의 양적 팽창보다는 질적 수월성에 더 큰 사회적 관심이 쏠리는 결과를 낳게 되었다. 본고는 이러한 인지자본주의가 신자유주의와 시장중심주의에 의해 주도되면서, 지식과 인적자원, 그리고 교육문제에 어떤 변화를 초래하고 있는지를비판적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해 본고는 인지자본주의의 배경과 ‘노동의 인지화’에 대해 논의하고, 인지자본주의로 인한 학교교육의 변화양상을 자본화, 사유화, 그리고 시장화의 측면에서비판적으로 논의하였다. 아울러 본고는, 인지자본주의가 실제적으로 국가적 교육정책에 영향을미치는 사례에 대한 분석으로써 최근 사회적 주목을 받고 있는 지식기반경제론, 창조경제론, 그리고 핀란드식 교육모델의 문제점에 대해 논의하였다. 본고의 논의를 기점으로 인지자본주의의 성격과 학교교육의 역할에 대한 보다 진지한 논의가 필요할 것이다.

Abstract

Recently the sheer advance of science and technology has changed the core elements of capitalistic development, from materials and physical labour to immaterial cognitive labours, such as ideas, knowledge, or information, which is called cognitive capitalism. In the critiques of neo-liberal and market-oriented educational ideology, this paper critically discusses how such cognitive capitalism misleads the direction of discourses on the role of school knowledge, human capital, and higher education. First of all, this paper briefly epitomizes concept of cognitive capitalism and its viewpoint on labour and knowledge. Then this paper argues about how cognitive capitalism triggered the capitalization, privatization, and marketization of education. Finally, this paper juxtaposes the educational discourses, the Knowledge-based Economy, the Creative Economy, and the North European models, as the abused examples of cognitive capitalism.

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