한국의 가짜 자영업 추정을 통해서 본 비정규 근로자 규모의 오류
The Corrections of Errors in the Estimations on the Nonstandard Workers Scale by an Empirical Analysis of Bogus Self-employment in Korea
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본 연구는 가짜 자영업자를 고려하고 있지 않은 비정규직 근로자 규모 추정 방식의 한계를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 가짜 자영업자는 근로관계의 실질에서 근로자처럼 종속성이 존재함에도 불구하고자영업자로 간주하는 위장된 고용관계를 의미한다. 기존의 비정규직 근로의 규모 추정 방식은 실질적으로 임금근로자이지만 비임금 근로로 분류된 가짜 자영업자들을 추정에서 제외시키는 문제점을 안고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위하여 한국노동패널 자료 11차년도(2008년)-16차년도(2013) 자료를 토대로 가짜 자영업자를 추정하고, 이를 임금근로에 반영하여 비정규직 근로자규모의 변화를 예측하였다. 관측기간 중에서 2013년도에 이르면 가짜 자영업자는 사업장이 없는 자영업자 중에서 28.5%를 차지할 만큼 규모가 크다. 또한 가짜 자영업자로 분류된 인원을 임금근로자중 특수형태근로 종사자로 재배치하여 비정규직 규모를 추정하였는데, 이러한 추정방식에 따르면가짜 자영업 인원이 반영된 특수형태근로자 비중은 한 해 만을 제외하고 임금근로자의 4.0% 이상을유지할 만큼 높게 나타나 정부에서 발표한 규모는 현실보다 과소 추정되었다고 볼 수 있다. 통계청에서 공식적으로 발표한 임금근로자수에 특수형태근로자 비중을 적용한 결과 예측된 인원은 74만명이 넘는 것으로 추정된다. 우리 사회에서 바람직한 비정규직 대책을 수립하기 위해서는 무엇보다비정규직 범위와 규모를 합리적으로 도출하는 노력이 요구된다.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to reveal errors in the estimations on the nonstandard workers scale which have resulted from little consideration for bogus self-employment. Bogus self-employment means disguised employment relationships that are considered to be self-employed workers even though they have inherent subordination. The methods of previous studies estimate that the bogus self-employed workers are excluded from estimations because they are not workers in principle. We analyze the scale of the bogus self-employments using the empirical data [the Korean Welfare Panel of 2008-2013(six wave panel)] to re-estimate the scale of non-standard workers. In 2013, the year of the last wave, the percentage of the bogus self-employment was high, the proportion of them is 28.5% among self-employment without owning a place of business. Our results expect the number of contract workers from re-analysis would be over 740 thousand when reflecting on the predictive value in the actual number of paid workers. In conclusion, it is necessary to apply reasonable methods of analysis concerning the scope and scale of the nonstandard workers for the sake of coping with measures against the problem of nonstandard workers. The aim of this study is to reveal the estimation error on nonstandard workers’ scale which are resulted from having no consideration for bogus self-employment. Bogus self-employment means disguised employment relationship that is considered as self-employment workers even though they have inherent subordination. The methods of previous researches’ estimation on nonstandard workers have the problem that the bogus self-employment workers are excluded from estimation because they are not workers in principle.
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