도로터널에서 수소차 위험에 관한 기초적 연구
A basic study on the hazard of hydrogen feul cell vehicles in road tunnels
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초록
수소는 차세대 에너지원으로서 수소경제 활성화 로드 맵에 따라 수소를 안정적으로 생산 ‧ 저장 ‧ 운송하기 위한 산업과 더불어 수소차의 보급이 급속도로 이루어질 것으로 예상된다. 이에 따라 터널과 같은 반밀폐공간에서의 수소차의 사고에 대비한 안전대책이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도로터널에서 수소차량의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 터널 내 수소차 사고에 따른 다양한 위험요인 중 가스 누출에 따른 화재와 폭발의 위험성에 대한 기초적인 조사 ‧ 연구를 수행하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 수소차 사고 시 가스누출속도는 TPRD의 오리피스직경에 의존하며, 가스가 점화되는 경우에 최대화재강도는 오리피스직경에 따라 3.22~51.36 MW (오리피스직경: 1~4 mm)에 도달하나 지속시간이 짧기 때문에 화재로 인한 위험의 가중은 거의 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 등가 TNT방법에 의해서 폭발에 따른 과도압력을 계산하였으므로 폭발수율을 0.2적용하는 경우, 안전한계 거리는 대략 35 m 정도로 분석되고 등가사망자는 보수적인 관점에서 수십 명 정도에 달할 것으로 예측된다.
Abstract
Hydrogen is a next-generation energy source, and according to the roadmap for activating the hydrogen economy, it is expected that industries to stably produce, store, and transport of hydrogen as well as the supply of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be made rapidly. Accordingly, safety measures for accidents of hydrogen vehicles in confined spaces such as tunnels are required. In this study, as part of a study to ensure the safety of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in road tunnels, a basic investigation and research on the risk of fire and explosion due to gas leakage and hydrogen tank rupture among various hazards caused by hydrogen fuel cell vehicle accidents in tunnels was conducted. The following results were obtained. In the event of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle accidents, the gas release rate depends on the orifice diameter of TPRD, and when the gas is ignited, the maximum heat release rate reaches 3.22~51.36 MW(orifice diameter: 1~4 mm) depending on the orifice diameter but the duration times are short. Therefore, it was analyzed that there was little increase in risk due to fire. As the overpressure of the gas explosion was calculated by the equivalent TNT method, in the case of yield of VCE of 0.2 is applied, the safety threshold distance is analyzed to be about 35 m, and number of the equivalent fatalities are conservatively predicted to reach tens of people.
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