中國 農村雇用과 鄕鎭企業의 役割

Abstract

This study analyzes the growth patterns and job-generating capacity of the Township-Village Enterprises(TVE) in China. China faces an enormous task in moving labor out of agriculture. China would need to create 15 million jobs per year over three decades to reduce its farm employment to 10 percent of the labor force. This rate is nearly three times the average 5.9 million workers per year that transferred from agricultural to nonagricultural activities from 1978 to 2000, according to China’s National Bureau of Statistics. A 20 percent agricultural labor force share is probably more realistic but would also require China to accelerate job growth over current rates. Recently TVE had achieved remarkable achievements. They acted very significant roles not only in the rural economy, but also in the whole Chinese economy. TVE employment grew by 19million from 2000 to 2006. In 2007, TVE's employment is 150 million and TVE generated 4.1 million jobs. Rural employment faces a number of challenges. In this study, we found evidence that TVE may be solving Three Agrarian Issues(agriculture, countryside, farmers) and rural unemployment problems by generating new jobs.