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재미 한인의 삶의 만족감과 문화변용

The Impact of Acculturation on Life Satisfaction among Korean Americans

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초록

본 연구는 베리의 문화변용이론을 중심으로 재미한인의 문화변용전략과 만족감에 대해서 살펴보고자 했다. 이를 위해 미국 포틀랜드에 거주하고 있는 한국인 이민자 및 유학생을 모집단으로 하여, 비 확률표본 표집 방법을 이용하여 표본을 선정하였다. 설문지는 영어와 한국어 두 종류를 준비해 응답자가 선택토록 하였으며, 설문지 중 일률적으로 특정 번호를 표시하거나 결측값이 지나치게 많거나 응답자 답변이 비일관성을 띤 표본20개를 제외한 315개를 최종 분석대상으로 했다. 연구결과에 의하면, 재미한인들은 통합 전략(M=4.580)과 분리 전략(M=4.565)을 주로 사용하며 미국의 주류사회로 동화(M=2.882)되는 경향은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 나아가 재미한인의 만족감(M=5.24)은 비교적 높게 유지되고 있었으며, 문화변용전략 중 통합 전략(β=.554, p<.001)만 재미한인의 만족감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 동화, 분리, 주변화의 경우 통계적 유의미성을 확보하지 못했다.

Abstract

The study examined acculturation patterns of Korean American living in Portland, USA and their relationship to life satisfaction. Under the academic guidance of Berry’s acculturation model, the four strategies of acculturation model were extensively inquired that immigrants and sojourner would adopt in host culture: Integration, Assimilation, Separation and Marginalization. Furthermore, how differently the four acculturation strategies have influences on life satisfaction was examined. For this study, the survey questionnaires were administered among Korean Americans in Portland, USA. The total 315 data were collected and analyzed. The result indicated that ① they preferred integration(M=4.580) and separation modes(M=4.565) over assimilation(M=2.882); ② their life satisfaction(M=5.24) was highly evaluated and was significantly related to the length of stay(r=.22, p<.001); and ③ only integration(β=.554, p<.001) had influence on life satisfaction.

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