중소기업의 파트너 유형 및 기술집약도가 기업 혁신성과에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Partner Type and Technological Intensity on Innovation in SMEs
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초록
중소기업은 혁신의 중요한 원천으로 꼽히지만 소규모의 한계로 인해 독자적으로 혁신활동을 수행하기 어렵기 때문에 다른 기업 및 연구기관과의 협력을 통해 혁신성을 향상시키는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중소기업이 선정한 파트너의 유형(공급자, 고객, 경쟁자, 연구기관, 여러 유형의 파트너)이 급진적 혁신과 점진적 혁신성과에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 살펴보고, 그 관계가 중소기업이 속한 산업의 기술집약도에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 밝히고자 하였다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중소기업의 협력 파트너의 유형과 급진적 혁신간 관계가 중소기업이 속한 산업의 기술집약도에 따라 상당한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 중소기업의 급진적 혁신에 미치는 영향이 공급자와의 협력의 경우 저기술 및 중저기술 산업에서만 유의미하게 나타난 반면, 고객과의 협력은 고기술, 중고기술 및 중저기술 산업에서 유의미하게 나타났다. 둘째, 경쟁자와의 협력이 제한적인 범위 즉 중고기술 산업에서만 급진적 혁신에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 선행연구와 마찬가지로 공급자, 고객, 연구기관과의 협력은 중소기업의 급진적 혁신과 점진적 혁신에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 중소기업의 협력 파트너 유형이 혁신에 미치는 영향을 급진적 혁신과 점진적 혁신으로 나누어 살펴보고, 그 관계를 4가지 기술집약도 (저기술, 중저기술, 중고기술, 고기술)에 따라 차이를 분석하여 급진적 혁신에 상당한 차이가 있다는 것을 밝혔다는 점에서 기존 연구와 차별점을 갖는다.
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of the partner types (supplier, customer, competitor, research institution, more than one partner type) for SMEs on radical and incremental innovation. Another purpose was to examine how the relation varies according to the technological intensity of an industry to which the focal firm belongs. To test the hypotheses, we used the ‘KIS(Korean Innovation Survey) 2014’ data and the empirical analysis was done with the effective survey from 3,846 Korean SMEs. We employed STATA 14 for validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that, when viewed the entire manufacturing SMEs, cooperation with suppliers, customers and research institutes has all been shown to have a positive effect on the radical and gradual innovations of SMEs. However, The relationship between partner type and radical innovation has been significantly different depending on the technical intensity of the industry. When cooperating with suppliers, the impact on radical innovation of SMEs was significant only in low-tech and medium-low tech industries. In contrast, when working with customers, the impact on the radical innovation of SMEs was significant only in the high-tech, medium-high tech, and medium-low tech industries, except for low tech industries. Meanwhile, although cooperation with competitors has a positive effect on radical innovation, this has been only significant in the medium-high tech industries.
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