보통의 강간: 폭행·협박 없는 성폭력 - 상담일지 분석을 중심으로 -
A Familiar Rape – Sexual Assault without Force
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여성들은 무자비한 폭력이 수반된 강간의 주요 피해자이다. 그러나 동시에, 많은 성폭력 피해자들은 아는 사람에 의해 저질러진 폭행·협박 없는 성폭력의 생존자이다. 가장많은 유형에 속하는 성폭력 범죄의 피해자 수를 추정하기조차 힘든 이유는 폭행·협박 없는 성폭력은 처벌의 가능성이 높지 않을 것이 우려되어 거의 신고 되지 않기 때문이다. 이 글은 전국 성폭력상담소 중 2개 기관에 의뢰된 피해자 상담일지를 통해 그 중 가장많은 수를 차지하고 있는 폭행·협박 없는 성폭력의 특징을 유형별로 분류·분석하였다. 「형법」에서 규정하고 있는 강간의 정의와 여성들이 경험하는 실제 성폭력의 간극을 다시한 번 확인하고, 성폭력과 관련된 신화와 통념이 어떻게 가해자에게 면죄부를 부여하고피해자를 비난하는지, 피해자로 하여금 ‘범죄 피해’를 피해라 명명치 못하게 하는지를 살펴보았다. 무엇보다, 성폭력 가해자의 집요하고도 계획적인 의도 하에 저질러지는 폭행· 협박 없는 성폭력의 양상을 드러내고자 하였다.
Abstract
Rape survivors who have been assaulted by people who they know or in intoxicated situation are less likely label their situation as rape. Also, because of the criminal definition of forcible rape, which requires the victim’s resistance, the majority of sexual assault victims are less likely report to police when their victimization was involved with the lack of forceful aggression or brutal violence. In this vein, the criminal framework that describes rape as violent act committed by strangers in a secluded place have been contributing to an increase in attrition of rape cases. This article explores patterns and types of sexual assault without force by analyzing counseling records (June 1st 2017 to May 30th 2018) from the two Rape Crisis Centers in South Korea. It shows that 80.9% of all records fall under the category of sexual assault without force. This article points out that rape perpetrators use their position in authority to force women into sexual acts. They intentionally make women vulnerable to rape by using alcohol or drugs. Women are also victims of rape by deception and fraud. The narrative of survivors discloses a gap between women’s real experiences and the definition of rape in Criminal Code. It also sheds lights on the ways in which rape myth contributes to justifying sexual violence against women, influencing attributions of blame toward victims. In order to reduce the traumatic injuries of sexual assault survivors and eradicate rape myths, rape law reform should recognize and pay attention to perpetrators’ strategies and tactics rather than victims’ responses and behaviors. Also, consent should be the basic principle for resolving the disputes surrounding the crime of sexual assault.
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