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영국의 역사교육과정(1991)과 미국의 역사 표준서(1996)에서 내용 선정 및 구성의 개념으로서 젠더

Gender as an Organizing Concept in National History Curriculum of England(1991) and National Standards for History in USA(1996)

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주제분류여성학

초록

본고는 역사를 중심으로 대표적인 공적 지식(official knowledge)인 교육과정이 여성/젠더를 어떤 방식으로 ‘포함’ 또는 ‘배제’하는가에 대해 영국과 미국의 사례를 검토해 보았다. 분석의 대상은 영국의 역사 교육과정(National History Curriculum of England, 1991)과 미국의 『역사 표준서』 기본판(National Standards for History Basic Edition, 1996)이다. 1990년대 초 두 나라는 공통적으로 역사 교육과정과 역사 표준서를 통해 학생들이 학습해야 할 표준적인 역사를 국가 수준에서 제시하였다. 그리고 그 표준적인 내용을 선정 및 구성하는 개념으로서 젠더를 고려하였다. 전자가 ‘젠더 포괄’의 방향에서 내용 선정의 중요한 개념으로 젠더를 도입하는 것이었다면, 후자는 ‘삽입’의 방향에서 가능한 곳에서 젠더라는 렌즈를 동해 역사를 분석할 기회를 제공하는 것이었다. 두 나라가 젠더라는 범주를 좀 다른 방식으로 도입했지만, 젠더의 관점에서 역사를 분석할 기회를 제공했다 점에서는 공통적이다. 한국에서는 사실 젠더가 역사교육에 어떻게 고려될 수 있는가에 대한 논의도 제대로 이루어지지 않은 상태이다. 그러므로 영국과 미국의 두 사례는 한국에서 젠더를 비롯한 차이를 만드는 다양한 범주가 공적 지식인 역사 교육과정의 내용 선정 및 구성의 개념으로 어떻게 고려될 수 있는가에 대한 유용한 시사점을 제공할 것으로 보인다.

Abstract

This article analysed how gender has been incorporated into the National History Curriculum of England(1991) and the National Standards for History the Basic edition (1996) in the U.S. As a result, it has found that the National History Curriculum of England incorporated gender as a main concept to select and organize the content while the National Standards for History in the U.S. included the standards for women and gender issues in mainly social and cultural categories of history. Although the national history curriculum and the National Standards for history took different strategies to include gender issues, they commonly recognized gender as an analytical tool of history. This article suggests that in order to cope with the multicultural society of today, we need to find a way to integrate diverse cultures and contributions of different social groups while developing in students the attitude to respect their unique cultures in the history classroom.

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