인스타그램 이용이 대학생들의 삶의 만족에 미치는 부정적 영향 : 상향적 사회 비교, 자존감, 우울감의 다중매개모형 검증
The Negative Impact of Instagram Use on Life Satisfaction among College Students : An Examination of Multiple Mediation Model of Upward Social Comparison, Self-Esteem, and Depression
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초록
오늘날 소셜미디어는 인터넷상에서 다른 사람들과의 소통 및 정보 공유를 위한 가장핵심적인 도구가 되었다. 소셜미디어의 인기와 이용이 증가함에 따라 선행연구는 소셜미디어가 이용자의 정신 건강 및 심리적 안녕에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 탐색해왔다. 선행연구를 통해 확인된 일부 긍정적 효과에도 불구하고, 일반적으로는 발달 단계상 상대적으로 더욱 취약한 어린이 및 청소년 그리고 젊은 청년 세대에 미치는 소셜미디어의부정적 효과에 대한 우려가 지배적이다. 이 가운데 다수의 선행연구는 사회적 비교 이론(theory of social comparison process)을 바탕으로 소셜미디어상의 상향비교, 즉자신보다 우월한 것으로 여겨지는 타인과의 비교가 이용자의 자존감과 우울감 그리고궁극적으로는 삶의 만족과 같은 심리적 안녕 변인들 각각에 부정적 영향을 미치는 메커니즘을 설명해왔다. 그러나 선행연구에서 주요하게 검토되어 온 이들 세 가지 주요 심리적 안녕 변인들(자존감, 우울감, 삶의 만족) 간의 복합적 관계를 총체적으로 고려함으로써 상향비교가 이용자의 심리적 안녕에 미치는 효과의 메커니즘을 보다 정교하게 이해할 필요성이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 젊은 세대에서 가장 활용률이 높은 인스타그램을 대상으로 총 619명의 대학생 표본으로부터 수집된 설문자료를 통해 인스타그램 이용이 상향비교를 매개로 세 가지 주요 심리적 안녕 변인들에 미치는 영향에 관한 다중매개모형을 팬텀변수를 활용한 부트스트래핑(Bias Corrected Bootstrapping) 검증방법을 통해 경로분석(path analysis)하였다. 분석 결과, 상향비교는 인스타그램 이용량이 자존감에 미치는 부적 영향과 우울감에 미치는 정적 영향을 완전 매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 상향비교는 자존감의 정적 효과와 우울감의 부적 효과를 매개로 삶의만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 자존감은 우울감의 매개를 통해 삶의만족에 간접적 영향을 주는 부분 매개 효과도 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로소셜미디어 이용이 상향비교 및 이용자의 심리적 안녕 변인들에 복합적으로 미치는 부정적 효과의 메커니즘과 관련한 이론적 함의 그리고 이러한 소셜미디어 이용의 부정적영향력을 최소화하기 위해 필요한 실용적 방안 마련을 위한 함의를 논의하였다.
Abstract
Today, social media has become an important tool for communicating and sharing information with others on the Internet. As the popularity and use of social media has increased, research has investigated how it affects the mental health and psychological well-being of its users. Despite some positive effects found in the literature, concerns about the negative effects of social media on children, adolescents, and young adults, who are particularly vulnerable at their developmental stage, dominate. Many of these studies have relied on the theory of social comparison process to explain the mechanisms by which upward comparison on social media, i.e., comparing oneself to others whom one considers better than oneself, negatively impacts individual variables of psychological well-being such as self-esteem, depression, and ultimately life satisfaction. However, there is a need for a more nuanced understanding of the mechanisms of the impact of upward comparisons on psychological well-being by taking a holistic view of the complex relationship between the three main variables of psychological well-being (self-esteem, depression and life satisfaction) that have been individually examined in the previous studies. Therefore, this study examined the effects of Instagram use on the three main variables of psychological well-being mediated by upward comparisons using a multiple mediation model including phantom variables. A path analysis was conducted using a bias-corrected bootstrapping method with survey data collected from a sample of 619 college students. Results showed that the upward comparison fully mediated the negative effect of Instagram use on self-esteem and the positive effect on depression. In addition, the upward comparison mediated the positive effect of self-esteem and the negative effect of depression on life satisfaction. This study also found a partial mediation effect of self-esteem on life satisfaction, which indirectly influenced life satisfaction through the mediation of depression. Based on these findings, this study discusses theoretical implications regarding the mechanisms of the negative effects of social media use on upward comparison and its combined effects on psychological well-being variables, as well as implications for practical interventions to minimize the negative effects of social media use.
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