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정신분열병 환자의 지능

Intelligence in Schizophrenic Patients

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 45명의 정신분열병 환자와 27명의 정상인을 대상으로 K-WAIS 수행을 비교하였다. K-WAIS의 해석은 4요인 모형 ― VC(verbal comprehension), PO(perceptual organization), WM(working memory), PS(processing speed) ― 에 근거하였다. VC요인에서는 정신분열병과 통제군 간에 유의미한 차이가 없는 반면에, PO요인에서는 정신분열병군이 통제군에 비해 유의미하게 낮았다. 이 결과는 정신분열병군의 결정지능(crystallized intelligence)이 정상수준인 반면 유동지능(fluid intelligence)은 낮음을 제시한다. 유동지능은 신경심리학에서 ‘전두엽-관리기능’(frontal-executive function)이라고 지칭되는 것과 매우 유사한 개념이다. 그러므로 정신분열병군의 유동지능이 낮은 것은 신경심리적 관점에서는 전두엽-관리기능의 결손을 시사한다. PS요인에서는 정신분열병군이 통제군에 비해 유의미하게 낮아서 ‘처리속도’의 느림을 시사하였다. WM요인에서는 정신분열병군과 통제군 간에 유의미한 차이가 없었다.

Abstract

The present study compared K-WAIS performance of 45 schizophrenic patients and 27 normal subjects. The analytical framework was the four-factor model, which consists of verbal comprehension (VC), perceptual organization (PO), working memory (WM), and processing speed (PS) factors. The schizophrenic group was statistically equal to the control group in VC performance, but significantly inferior to the control group in PO performance. This result suggests normal crystallized intelligence, but deficient fluid intelligence for the schizophrenic group. The concept of fluid intelligence is similar to what is referred to as ‘frontal-executive function’ in neuropsychology. Thus, the low fluid intelligence of the schizophrenic group suggests, from a neuropsychological point of view, deficient frontal-executive functioning. The schizophrenic group was significantly lower in PS performance compared with the control group, suggesting that the schizophrenic group is deficient in psychomotor speed. There was no significant difference in WM performance between the schizophrenic vs control groups.

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