인지행동치료의 역사와 최근의 경향
The History of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and It's Recent Tendency
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 인지행동치료의 역사적 발전을 조명하고 최근의 경향을 살펴보려는 것이다. 인지행동치료의 초기 단계에서의 행동치료는 1950년대 고전적, 조작적 학습 원리에 기초하여 영국과 남아프리카, 그리고 미국에서 발달하였다. 고전적 학습 원리를 적용한 치료자들이 행동치료라는 용어를 선호 한 반면, 만성 질환과 학교 교육 장면과 부모 교육에 조작적 학습 원리를 응용한 치료자들은 행동수정 이라는 용어를 선호하였다. 1960년대 행동치료와 행동수정의 치료방법이 통합되면서 행동치료는 전 세계적으로 발달하게 되었다. 인지 심리학이 발달하게 되면서 행동치료는 자기 관리, 문제 해결 및 자기 지시와 같은 치료기법을 포함하는 인지행동치료로 발전하게 되었다. 최근에는 우울, 공황장애, 그리고 경계선 성격장애와 같은 특정 심리장애의 치료를 위한 구체적인 치료 지침서가 발달하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과 인지행동치료에서는 행동에 관한 심리학과 인접 학문의 실증적인 결과에 기초한 심리학적 치료라는 것이 강조되고 있다. 행동에 대한 심리학과 인접학문의 실증적인 결과를 적용하는 인지행동치료의 원칙을 강조하여, ,심리학적 심리치료라고 하는 새로운 용어가 제안 되었으며, 이러한 제안에 관해 논의되었다.
Abstract
In this study we have reviewed about the history of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and it's recent development. Behavior therapy, the early form of CBT, has developed according to classical and operant learning theory from England, South-Africa and America in the 1950s. The term "Behavior therapy" was preferred by therapists who applied classical learning theory to a clinical field, whereas "behavior modification" by therapists who applied operant principles to a rehabilitation of chronic psychotic symptoms, education, parenting and child management. In the 1960s the two form of behavioral therapy were integrated into behavior therapy which was acknowledged and developed rapidly worldwide. With development of cognitive psychology, behavior therapy was modified into CBT, in which many modern therapy methods such as self-management, problem solving, and self-instructing were developed. Recently specific therapy manuals have developed for various psychological problems such as depression, panic disorder, and borderline personality disorder. The review has shown that CBT is a psychotherapy based on experimental psychology. It was discussed about the term psychological psychotherapy which is assumed as a better representative for the traditional principles of empirical psychotherapy.
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