유인원의 언어습득가능성에 대한 연구결과에 기초한 인간 뇌의 언어 기능적 고찰
Language Functional Consideration of Brain based on Research Result on Language Acquisition Potentiality of Anthropoid
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초록
19세기의 진화론과 신경생리학은 현대 심리학뿐만 아니라 언어연구에 직접적인 영향을 주었다. 그들은 인간의 다양한 기능들에 대한 하나의 경험적 기초를 제공함으로써, 언어 본질에 관한 많은 언어적 모형들을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 끊임없는 논쟁의 원천이자, 문제의 배경이 될 수 있는 언어 기원설을 소개하는 동시에, 진화론자들에 의해 고무된 유인원의 언어학습 가능성을 둘러싼 연구결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 문제를 제시하였다. 1. 고등 유인원이 조작된 환경 속에서 인간의 언어를 학습할 수 있다고 하는 일부 학자들의 주장은 왜 오늘날 보편적 인정을 받지 못하는가? 2. 인간에게 언어학습을 가능하게 해 주는 기본적인 원천은 무엇인가? 본 연구에서는 위의 문제에 대한 탐색을 통하여, 결론적으로 인간의 언어습득을 뇌의 생득적 기제로 설명하는 것을 시도하였다.
Abstract
The question on "where Human-being's communication competence is originated" as well as "what its origin is" has been asked from centuries ago. And the answer to that question is still unveiled. Evolutions theory and neuropsychology in 19th century have a direct influence on modern psychology as well as language research.They provided one of empirical foundations against differentiated function of human-beings, and presented many pathology models for language nature. Neverthless, It has never been enough to explain correlation of interaction among "human-language-surrounding". It makes us to introduce more complete and objective explanation.Not a few researchers have tried experiment of language-trained animals to find concrete answers for language acquisition by a human or language development. Regardless of expectation of behavior theorist and evolutionists, possibility of language acquisition of the ape has not been proved due to neurobiological handicap.This research introduces primitive hypothesis which is able to be a theme of constant discussion and background of problem, and faces the following questions based on the research results about possibility of language acquisition of the ape encouraged by evolutionists at the same time. 1. Why can't the insistence of some scholars, which the higher ape is able to acquire human-being's language under conditioned situation, be universally accepted these days ? 2. What is the fundamental to make human-beings possible for language acquisition ? This research has spied on the problems mentioned above, and tried to explain the language acquisition of human-beings through nativism mechanism of brains. The basis of language capabilities by human is not because of neurobiological structural difference of the human brain but because of brain organization for higher integrative function itself.