『說法明眼論』 「開眼品」의 5종 개안법에 관한 고찰

Abstract

This paper studies the five gaeanbeop(開眼法), the ritual way of awakening the statue of Buddha, listed in <Gae-an-poom(開眼品)> of 『Seol-beop-myeong-an-ron(說法明眼論)』. The five gaeanbeop are each based on Buddhist thoughts: First, Yip-li-gae-an(入理開眼) is to awaken the Nirmaṇakāya and based on Beopsang(法相) school. Second, Pyeong-deong-gae-an(平等開眼) is to awaken the Sambhogakāya based on the thoughts of Samron(三論) school. Third, Jeol-sang-gae-an(絶想開眼) is awakening the Dharmakāya based on the idea of Yi-sim-jeon-sim(以心傳心) of Zen school. Fourth, Won-tong-gae-an is to awaken the ten buddhas(十佛) and the three buddhas(三佛) based on the thoughts of Hwaeom, Beophwa and Cheontae schools. Fifth, Jong-ja-gae-an(種子開眼) is to awaken the buddha seed of five wisdom(五智) and four bodies(四身) based on Esoteric Buddhism of Mantra. In other words, Yip-li-gae-an corresponds to dae-seong-si-gyo(大乘始敎), Pyeong-deong-gae-an to dae-seong-jong-gyo(大乘終敎), Jeol-sang-gae-an to don-gyo(頓敎), Won-tong-gae-an to won-gyo(圓敎), and Jong-ja-gae-an to esoteric buddhism. This classification can be considered as a type of sectarian taxonomy. The five gaeanbeop are listed in a specific order: <Nirmaṇakāya·Sambhogakāya· Dharmakāya>, <the ten buddhas(十佛)>, <five wisdom and four bodies(五智佛)·(四身)>. First, the trikaya, the three bodies of buddha(三身佛), is the ground to create the buddha statue. The concept of Nirmaṇakāya(應身), which is the hierophany transcending time and space, especially becomes the basis for the buddha to be born through a rightful ritual after the statue is built. Secondly, the purpose of placing the ten buddhas, which could be obtained as the result of practice, seems to be to encourage all living beings in their practice since all living beings retain buddhahood. Third, awakening the five wisdom and four bodies is to supplement the wisdom of buddha, which seems to mean that all living beings could achieve their own enlightenment and also become buddha through esoteric buddhism which emphasizes sudden-enlightenment(卽身成佛). The meaning and the ideological system of five gaeanbeop from 『Seol-beop- myeong-an-ron(說法明眼論)』 can redeem the ideological system of the Jeoman ritual in Korean Buddhism and be a step for further studies on Jeoman.