주택 유형 및 주거 급여, 주택 관련 가계부채가 정신건강상태에 미치는 영향: 2016∼2023년 한국복지패널 종단연구
Effects of Housing Type, Housing Allowance, and Housing-Related Household Debt on Mental Health Status: A Longitudinal Study Using Data of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (2016∼2023)
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Objectives: To examine effects of housing type, housing benefits, and household debt on mental (depression, anxiety, suicidal tendency) and physical health in Korea from 2016 to 2023. Methods: Using Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) data, Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze effects of housing type, benefit status, and debt (mortgage, non-housing) on health outcomes. Results: Residents of rental apartments and multi-family housing showed higher depression, anxiety, and suicidal tendencies than those in detached houses or general apartments (p<0.01). Housing benefits had no significant impact on health. Mortgage debt was strongly correlated with worse mental health (r=0.60, p<0.01) and negatively associated with physical health (r=-0.22, p<0.01). Conclusions: Housing instability and debt burdens can significantly affect mental health. While housing benefits can ease financial stress, they could not directly improve health. Integrated policies combining financial support and psychological assistance are needed for vulnerable populations.
Abstract
Objectives: To examine effects of housing type, housing benefits, and household debt on mental (depression, anxiety, suicidal tendency) and physical health in Korea from 2016 to 2023. Methods: Using Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) data, Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze effects of housing type, benefit status, and debt (mortgage, non-housing) on health outcomes. Results: Residents of rental apartments and multi-family housing showed higher depression, anxiety, and suicidal tendencies than those in detached houses or general apartments (p<0.01). Housing benefits had no significant impact on health. Mortgage debt was strongly correlated with worse mental health (r=0.60, p<0.01) and negatively associated with physical health (r=-0.22, p<0.01). Conclusions: Housing instability and debt burdens can significantly affect mental health. While housing benefits can ease financial stress, they could not directly improve health. Integrated policies combining financial support and psychological assistance are needed for vulnerable populations.